Table 3.

Smallholder farmer knowledge, attitudes and practice responses towards FMD vaccination programmes, by region and gender of respondent categories

	Province categories				Gender respondent categories
	XYL	XK	HP	P-value	Female	Male	P-value
Able to answer FMD (%)	44	82	34	<0.001	61	65	0.6
Farmer knowledge on basic biosecurity practices (/7)
% scored ⩽4	78	38	50	<0.001	53	63	0.2
% scored ⩾5	22	62	50		47	37
Morbidity and mortality in the herd reduced	83	87	80	0.6	80	92	0.5
Ranking FMD vaccination (%)
Very good	67	71	74	0.4	68	78	0.5
Good	26	15	20		20	20
Acceptable	7	13	6		11	2
Not acceptable	0	2	0		1	0
Would still be interested in FMD vaccination if some payment required
Yes (%)	100	96	98	0.3	97	100	0.3
Mean amount willing to pay (US$)	0.8 ± 0.5	0.5 ± 0.3	0.6 ± 0.6		0.6 ± 0.4	0.6 ± 0.5
Stock vaccinated for FMD in the last 6 months
Yes (%)	92	91	98	0.2	96	88	0.06
Mean animal vaccinated	8 ± 6.0	7 ± 4.2	7 ± 5.2		7 ± 5.4	6 ± 5.2
% of the total adults	78 ± 32	87 ± 38	92 ± 21		89 ± 29	77 ± 35
Stock vaccinated for FMD regularly in the last 4 years (%)	75	85	93	0.03	87	78	0.1