Table 2-2.
Never Smokers |
Ever Smokers |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases, n = 499 |
Ctrls, n = 1464 |
Adjusted OR2 |
SB-adjusted OR2 |
Cases, n = 181 |
Ctrls, n = 344 |
Adjusted OR3 |
SB-adjusted OR3 |
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N | % | N | % | (95% CI) | (95% PI) | N | % | N | % | (95% CI) | (95% PI) | |
Menstrual Characteristics | ||||||||||||
Age at menarche | ||||||||||||
<=15 | 175 | 35.57 | 553 | 37.93 | 1.00(Ref) | 1.00(Ref) | 49 | 27.22 | 86 | 25.37 | 1.00(Ref) | 1.00(Ref) |
16–17 | 187 | 38.01 | 534 | 36.63 | 1.25 (0.96, 1.64) | 1.26 (0.98, 1.63) | 75 | 41.67 | 155 | 45.72 | 0.94 (0.57, 1.53) | 0.94 (0.60, 1.48) |
> = 18 | 130 | 26.42 | 371 | 25.45 | 1.34 (0.99, 1.82) | 1.35 (1.01, 1.80) | 56 | 31.11 | 98 | 28.91 | 1.01 (0.59, 1.74) | 1.02 (0.62, 1.67) |
Ptrend4 | 0.050 | 0.03 | 0.962 | 0.953 | ||||||||
As a continuous variable8 | 1.04 (0.98, 1.11) | 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) | 1.05 (0.94, 1.17) | 1.05 (0.94, 1.17) | ||||||||
Age at menopause5 | ||||||||||||
<46 | 48 | 10.39 | 147 | 10.71 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 14 | 8.33 | 42 | 12.65 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
46–54 | 319 | 69.05 | 1041 | 75.82 | 0.90 (0.61, 1.33) | 0.91 (0.64, 1.30) | 132 | 78.57 | 266 | 80.12 | 1.48 (0.72, 3.06) | 1.23 (0.68, 2.21) |
>54 | 95 | 20.56 | 185 | 13.47 | 1.45 (0.91, 2.29) | 1.45 (0.95, 2.20) | 22 | 13.1 | 24 | 7.23 | 2.48 (0.94, 6.51) | 1.80 (0.85, 3.84) |
Ptrend | 0.035 | 0.023 | 0.066 | 0.077 | ||||||||
As a continuous variable8 | 1.03 (1.00-, 1.06) | 1.03 (1.00+, 1.06) | 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) | 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) | ||||||||
Reproductive window | ||||||||||||
<=32 | 151 | 32.54 | 503 | 36.53 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 76 | 44.71 | 148 | 44.71 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
33–35 | 134 | 28.88 | 409 | 29.70 | 1.00 (0.75, 1.35) | 1.03 (0.78, 1.37) | 47 | 27.65 | 102 | 30.82 | 0.79 (0.48, 1.30) | 0.82 (0.51, 1.31) |
> = 36 | 179 | 38.58 | 465 | 33.77 | 1.13 (0.86, 1.50) | 1.16 (0.89, 1.51) | 47 | 27.65 | 81 | 24.47 | 0.95 (0.57, 1.59) | 0.97 (0.60, 1.57) |
Ptrend | 0.375 | 0.274 | 0.749 | 0.778 | ||||||||
As a continuous variable8 | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.04) | 1.01 (0.96, 1.06) | 1.01 (0.96, 1.06) | ||||||||
Reproductive History | ||||||||||||
Parity6 | ||||||||||||
0 or 1 | 80 | 16.06 | 176 | 12.02 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 36 | 19.89 | 41 | 11.92 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
2–3 | 242 | 48.59 | 753 | 51.43 | 0.69 (0.49, 0.97) | 0.73 (0.53, 1.00+) | 63 | 34.81 | 111 | 32.27 | 0.67 (0.35, 1.27) | 0.76 (0.43, 1.35) |
4 or more | 176 | 35.34 | 535 | 36.54 | 0.74 (0.52, 1.08) | 0.84 (0.60, 1.18) | 82 | 45.30 | 192 | 55.81 | 0.52 (0.28, 0.97) | 0.60 (0.35, 1.03) |
Ptrend | 0.332 | 0.62 | 0.114 | 0.116 | ||||||||
As a continuous variable8 | 0.95 (0.88, 1.03) | 0.97 (0.90, 1.04) | 0.91 (0.81, 1.01) | 0.91 (0.81, 1.01) | ||||||||
Gravidity6 | ||||||||||||
0 or 1 | 71 | 14.26 | 159 | 10.86 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 33 | 18.23 | 36 | 10.47 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
2–3 | 222 | 44.58 | 677 | 46.24 | 0.73 (0.51, 1.05) | 0.77 (0.55, 1.07) | 53 | 29.28 | 96 | 27.91 | 0.57 (0.29, 1.12) | 0.67 (0.37, 1.21) |
4 or more | 205 | 41.16 | 628 | 42.90 | 0.82 (0.57, 1.20) | 0.92 (0.65, 1.30) | 95 | 52.49 | 212 | 61.63 | 0.54 (0.29, 1.00+) | 0.62 (0.36, 1.08) |
Ptrend | 0.684 | 0.902 | 0.268 | 0.263 | ||||||||
As continuous variable8 | 0.98 (0.91, 1.05) | 1.00 (0.93, 1.07) | 0.89 (0.81, 0.99) | 0.89 (0.81, 0.99) | ||||||||
Number of live birth6 | ||||||||||||
0 or 1 | 82 | 16.47 | 183 | 12.50 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 36 | 19.89 | 43 | 12.5 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
2–3 | 249 | 50 | 770 | 52.60 | 0.69 (0.49, 0.98) | 0.74 (0.54, 1.01) | 64 | 35.36 | 117 | 34.01 | 0.67 (0.36, 1.27) | 0.76 (0.43, 1.33) |
4 or more | 167 | 33.53 | 511 | 34.90 | 0.75 (0.52, 1.09) | 0.84 (0.60, 1.18) | 81 | 44.75 | 184 | 53.49 | 0.56 (0.31, 1.04) | 0.64 (0.37, 1.09) |
Ptrend | 0.339 | 0.58 | 0.206 | 0.205 | ||||||||
As a continuous variable8 | 0.94 (0.87, 1.02) | 0.94 (0.87, 1.02) | 0.92 (0.82, 1.03) | 0.92 (0.82, 1.03) | ||||||||
Life time abortion | ||||||||||||
Never | 463 | 92.97 | 1351 | 92.28 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 168 | 92.82 | 299 | 86.92 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
Ever | 35 | 7.03 | 113 | 7.72 | 1.29 (0.81, 2.06) | 1.23 (0.81, 1.87) | 13 | 7.18 | 45 | 13.08 | 0.62 (0.31, 1.25) | 0.66 (0.36, 1.22) |
As a continuous variable8 | 0.66 (0.38, 1.16) | 1.20 (0.92, 1.56) | 0.66 (0.38, 1.16) | 0.68 (0.41, 1.13) | ||||||||
Outcome of first pregnancy7 | ||||||||||||
Live birth | 460 | 94.65 | 1361 | 94.91 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 171 | 95.53 | 295 | 90.21 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
Stillbirth | 15 | 3.09 | 36 | 2.51 | 1.05 (0.51, 2.15) | 1.15 (0.62, 2.12) | 4 | 2.23 | 15 | 4.59 | 0.43 (0.11, 1.61) | 0.64 (0.26, 1.60) |
Miscarriage | 11 | 2.26 | 1 | 0.07 | 1.68 (0.76, 3.69) | 1.59 (0.81, 3.11) | 3 | 1.68 | 17 | 5.20 | 0.27 (0.07, 1.01) | 0.49 (0.20, 1.19) |
Ectopic Preg | 0 | 0 | 29 | 2.02 | NA | NA | 1 | 0.56 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA |
Induced abortion | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0.42 | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA |
Number of Ovulatory Cycles | ||||||||||||
<=366 | 124 | 27.93 | 413 | 31.97 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 58 | 36.48 | 123 | 40.46 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
367–413 | 139 | 31.31 | 432 | 33.44 | 0.99 (0.73, 1.34) | 0.97 (0.73, 1.30) | 53 | 33.33 | 105 | 34.54 | 0.91 (0.55, 1.52) | 0.92 (0.57, 1.47) |
> = 414 | 181 | 40.77 | 447 | 34.60 | 1.18 (0.88, 1.59) | 1.22 (0.92, 1.61) | 48 | 30.19 | 76 | 25 | 1.16 (0.68, 2.00) | 1.15 (0.70, 1.89) |
Ptrend | 0.233 | 0.135 | 0.63 | 0.632 | ||||||||
As a continuous variable (per 13 ovulatory cycles) 8 | 1.02 (0.99, 1.04) | 1.02 (1.00-, 1.04) | 1.02 (0.98, 1.06) | 1.02 (0.98, 1.07) | ||||||||
Exogenous Hormone | ||||||||||||
Oral Contraceptive use | ||||||||||||
Never | 465 | 96.47 | 1327 | 95.06 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 170 | 96.59 | 312 | 93.13 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
Ever | 17 | 3.53 | 69 | 4.94 | 1.16 (0.63, 2.14) | 1.11 (0.64, 1.93) | 6 | 3.41 | 23 | 6.87 | 0.58 (0.22, 1.54) | 0.69 (0.32, 1.49) |
Notation:
1. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for age (as a continuous variable), smoking status (ever or never), pack-years of smoking, family history of lung cancer (yes or no), income, education, county of residence, and BMI.
2. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for age (as a continuous variable), family history of lung cancer (yes or no), income, education, county of residence, and BMI.
3. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for age (as a continuous variable), pack-years of smoking, family history of lung cancer (yes or no), income, education, county of residence, and BMI.
4. Mantel trend test.
5. Additional adjustment for age at menarche (as a continuous variable).
6. Additional adjustment for length of reproductive window.
7. Additional adjustment for age at first birth.
8. Absolute number/count as the continuous variable.