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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 8.
Published in final edited form as: Integr Mol Med. 2018 Aug 15;5(4):10.15761/IMM.1000335. doi: 10.15761/IMM.1000335

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

This figure depicts the action of carnosol from rosemary that will interact directly with Keap1/Nrf2 and releasing Keap1 from Nrf2. This action prevents the ubiquitination of Nrf2 and rapid degradation thereby accumulating and translocating to the nucleus to transcribe detoxification and antioxidant enzymes (e.g. Sestrin-2, GST, SOD, HO-1). Diterpenes similar to carnosol have also been reported to activate the UPR pathway leading to the phosphorylation of PERK that can act as a direct substrate for Nrf2 releasing Keap1.