Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by quartiles of cystatin C.
| Total (n = 771) | Quartile 1 (0.080–0.734) (n = 192) | Quartile 2 (0.737–0.821) (n = 193) | Quartile 3 (0.822–0.935) (n = 193) | Quartile 4 (0.936–2.060) (n = 193) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD), years | 72.2 ± 7.2 | 70.2 ± 7.1 | 71.0 ± 6.5 | 72.4 ± 7.3 | 75.4 ± 6.8 | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 455 (59.0) | 100 (52.1) | 119 (61.7) | 109 (56.5) | 127 (65.8) | 0.036 |
| BMI (mean ± SD), kg/m2 | 23.1 ± 3.1 | 23.2 ± 3.3 | 23.0 ± 2.9 | 23.4 ± 2.9 | 22.6 ± 3.2 | 0.096 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 337 (43.7) | 62 (32.3) | 83 (43.0) | 77 (39.9) | 115 (59.6) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 152 (19.7) | 38 (19.8) | 28 (18.1) | 29 (15.0) | 50 (25.9) | 0.234 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 122 (15.8) | 27 (14.1) | 29 (15.0) | 27 (14.0) | 39 (20.2) | 0.139 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 41 (5.3) | 3 (1.6) | 8 (4.1) | 12 (6.2) | 18 (9.3) | <0.001 |
| Previous stroke/TIA, n (%) | 76 (9.9) | 14 (7.3) | 15 (7.8) | 21 (10.9) | 26 (13.5) | 0.024 |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 21 (2.7) | 4 (2.1) | 4 (2.1) | 6 (3.1) | 7 (3.6) | 0.280 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 73 (9.5) | 14 (7.3) | 15 (7.8) | 20 (10.4) | 24 (12.4) | 0.056 |
| Initial NIHSS (median (IQR)) | 3 (1–6) | 4 (1.25–8) | 3 (1–6) | 3 (1–5) | 3 (0.5–6.5) | 0.051 |
| Stroke mechanism, n (%) | 0.877 | |||||
| LAA | 248 (32.2) | 62 (32.3) | 67 (34.7) | 56 (29.0) | 63 (32.6) | |
| SVO | 175 (22.7) | 43 (22.4) | 45 (23.3) | 48 (24.9) | 39 (20.2) | |
| CE | 195 (25.3) | 47 (24.5) | 43 (22.3) | 52 (26.9) | 53 (27.5) | |
| Other determined | 42 (5.4) | 7 (3.6) | 12 (6.2) | 10 (5.2) | 13 (6.7) | |
| Undetermined | 111 (14.4) | 33 (17.2) | 26 (13.5) | 27 (14.0) | 25 (13.0) | |
| END, n (%) | 86 (11.2) | 13 (15.1) | 17 (19.8) | 26 (30.2) | 30 (34.9) | 0.022 |
| Infection, n (%) | 57 (7.8) | 15 (7.8) | 12 (6.2) | 15 (7.8) | 15 (7.8) | 0.915 |
| Initial BT (℃) | 36.40 ± 0.40 | 36.41 ± 0.39 | 36.40 ± 0.41 | 36.37 ± 0.37 | 36.41 ± 0.43 | 0.790 |
| Laboratory information (mean ± SD) | ||||||
| Cystatin C (mg/L) | 0.844 ± 0.178 | 0.658 ± 0.081 | 0.780 ± 0.026 | 0.871 ± 0.031 | 1.067 ± 0.171 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 86.6 ± 19.9 | 92.7 ± 23.2 | 90.0 ± 19.9 | 85.2 ± 16.5 | 78.3 ± 16.3 | <0.001 |
| White blood cell count (×103/µL) | 7.58 ± 2.49 | 7.56 ± 2.62 | 7.60 ± 2.55 | 7.53 ± 2.35 | 7.63 ± 2.44 | 0.981 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.48 ± 1.78 | 13.52 ± 1.90 | 13.59 ± 1.72 | 13.65 ± 1.66 | 13.15 ± 1.80 | 0.029 |
| Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL) | 108.55 ± 35.08 | 116.06 ± 35.46 | 108.14 ± 38.97 | 104.97 ± 30.85 | 105.09 ± 33.65 | 0.005 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 171.28 ± 40.49 | 172.13 ± 43.89 | 172.16 ± 37.62 | 175.43 ± 38.15 | 165.44 ± 41.65 | 0.102 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 109.87 ± 56.58 | 106.27 ± 51.43 | 99.61 ± 41.47 | 116.40 ± 57.89 | 116.97 ± 69.94 | 0.005 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 47.22 ± 13.63 | 49.60 ± 14.23 | 48.83 ± 13.40 | 45.09 ± 12.50 | 45.38 ± 13.85 | 0.001 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.65 ± 1.58 | 0.66 ± 1.69 | 0.55 ± 1.35 | 0.51 ± 1.27 | 0.88 ± 1.93 | 0.099 |
| Microalbumin (mg/dL) | 5.61 ± 13.04 | 4.78 ± 11.71 | 4.70 ± 10.31 | 5.51 ± 13.20 | 7.46 ± 16.19 | 0.164 |
BMI: body mass index; SD: standard deviation; TIA: transient ischaemic stack; LAA: large artery atherosclerosis; SVO: small-vessel occlusion; CE: cardioembolism; END: early neurological deterioration; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL: high density lipid.