Table 2.
Patients profile according to early neurological deterioration.
| END group (n = 86, 11.2%) | Non-END group (n = 685, 88.8%) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD), years | 74.8 ± 7.9 | 71.9 ± 7.0 | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 55 (64.0) | 400 (58.4) | 0.323 |
| BMI (mean ± SD), kg/m2 | 23.0 ± 3.9 | 23.1 ± 3.0 | 0.840 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 41 (47.7) | 296 (43.2) | 0.432 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 14 (16.3) | 138 (20.1) | 0.396 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 14 (16.3) | 108 (15.8) | 0.902 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 3 (7.3) | 38 (5.5) | 0.610 |
| Previous stroke/TIA, n (%) | 11 (12.8) | 65 (9.5) | 0.333 |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 6 (7.0) | 15 (2.2) | 0.022 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 10 (13.7) | 63 (9.2) | 0.468 |
| Initial NIHSS (median (IQR)) | 4 (0–9.25) | 3 (1–6) | 0.844 |
| Stroke mechanism, n (%) | 0.222 | ||
| LAA | 26 (30.2) | 222 (32.4) | |
| SVO | 13 (15.1) | 162 (23.6) | |
| CE | 29 (33.7) | 166 (24.2) | |
| Other determined | 6 (7.0) | 36 (5.3) | |
| Undetermined | 12 (14.0) | 99 (14.5) | |
| Lesion location, n (%) | 0.005 | ||
| Anterior circulation | 50 (58.1) | 409 (59.7) | |
| Posterior circulation | 17 (19.9) | 202 (29.5) | |
| Multiple territory | 19 (22.1) | 74 (10.8) | |
| Significant stenosis on relevant artery, n (%) | 40 (46.5) | 264 (38.5) | 0.154 |
| Infection, n (%) | 12 (14.0) | 45 (6.6) | 0.014 |
| Initial BT (℃) | 36.46 ± 0.39 | 36.39 ± 0.40 | 0.156 |
| eGFR (mean ± SD), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 89.1 ± 23.6 | 86.3 ± 19.4 | 0.220 |
| Quartiles of Cystatin C | 0.002 | ||
| Q1 (0.080–0.734) | 13 (15.1) | 179 (26.1) | |
| Q2 (0.737–0.821) | 17 (19.8) | 176 (25.7) | |
| Q3 (0.822–0.935) | 26 (30.2) | 167 (24.4) | |
| Q4 (0.936–2.060) | 30 (34.9) | 163 (23.8) | |
| Laboratory information (mean ± SD) | |||
| White blood cell count (×103/µL) | 8.13 ± 2.56 | 7.51 ± 2.47 | 0.029 |
| Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL) | 116.88 ± 38.71 | 107.49 ± 34.48 | 0.019 |
| Cystatin C (mg/L) | 0.892 ± 0.190 | 0.838 ± 0.176 | 0.009 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 1.03 ± 2.05 | 0.60 ± 1.51 | 0.064 |
END: early neurological deterioration; BMI: body mass index; TIA: transient ischaemic stack; LAA: large artery atherosclerosis; SVO: small-vessel occlusion; CE: cardioembolism; BT: body temperature; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.