Table 2. Syndromes monitored by EWARS in a Box after Cyclone Winston, Fiji, 2016.

Syndrome	Case definition	Reporting thresholda	No. cases	Frequency (cases per 100 cases of all syndromes)b
Acute fever and rash	Fever (> 38 °C) reported or measured plus nonblistering rash	1 case	672	2.0
Prolonged fever	Fever (> 38 °C) reported or measured that lasted ≥ 3 days	Twice the average number of cases seen in the previous 2 weeks	1 461	4.3
Influenza-like illness	Fever (> 38 °C) reported or measured plus cough or sore throat or both	Twice the average number of cases seen in the previous 2 weeks	16 426	48.2
Acute watery diarrhoea	Three or more loose or watery (non-bloody) stools in 24 h	Twice the average number of cases seen in the previous 2 weeks	10 054	29.8
Acute bloody diarrhoea	Episode of acute bloody diarrhoea	3 cases at one location in 1 week or twice the average number of cases seen in the previous 2 weeks	293	0.7
Acute jaundice syndrome	Jaundice (i.e. yellow discoloration of the whites of the eyes or dark urine) and severe illness, with or without fever	3 cases	71	0.2
Suspected dengue	Fever for ≥ 2 days plus at least two of: (i) nausea or vomiting; (ii) muscle or joint pain; (iii) severe headache or pain behind the eyes; (iv) rash; or (v) bleeding	Twice the average number of cases seen in the previous 3 weeks	4 520	13.3
Suspected meningitis	Sudden onset of fever, plus at least one of: (i) severe headache; (ii) neck stiffness; (iii) altered consciousness; or (iv) petechial or puerperal rash	1 case	33	0.1
Zika-like illnessc	Generalized maculopapular rash plus at least two of: (i) arthralgia or myalgia; (ii) red eyes or non-purulent conjunctivitis; (iii) oedema of the hands or feet; (iv) low grade fever (< 38 °C); or (v) pain behind the eyes	3 cases	583	1.7

EWARS: early warning, alert and response system.

^a The initial reporting thresholds listed here were based on standard World Health Organization thresholds. They were changed using aberration detection algorithms when sufficient historical data had been collected.¹⁵

^b The total number of reported cases of all syndromes between 7 March 2016 and 29 May 2016 was 34 113.

^c Zika-like illness was added 3 weeks after surveillance started.