Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants according to Zika virus RT-PCR results at the time of enrollment.
| Patient characteristics | All participants N=235 | Zika-positive N=94 (40%) | Zika-negative N=141 (60%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 41 (31-54) | 44 (36-59) | 38 (29-52) | 0.001 | |
| Female sex (%) | 161/235 (69) | 71/94 (76) | 90/141 (64) | 0.058 | |
| Pregnant (%) | 18/159 (11) | 7/70 (10) | 11/89 (12) | 0.641 | |
| Chronic comorbidities (%) | 53/226 (23) | 24/86 (28) | 29/140 (21) | 0.215 | |
| Prior dengue infection (%) | 70/229 (31) | 29/92 (32) | 41/137 (30) | 0.797 | |
| Symptoms at enrollment | |||||
| Days with symptoms | 4 (2-5) | 3 (1-4) | 4 (2-5) | <0.001 | |
| Fever (%) | 121/232 (52) | 40/92 (43) | 81/140 (58) | 0.032 | |
| Rash (%) | 201/235 (86) | 89/94 (95) | 112/141 (79) | 0.001 | |
| Pruritus (%) | 145/213 (68) | 61/93 (66) | 84/120 (70) | 0.494 | |
| Petechiae (%) | 12/131 (9) | 8/75 (11) | 4/56 (7) | 0.555 | |
| Bleeding symptoms (%) | 11/100 (11) | 4/16 (25) | 7/84 (8) | 0.073 | |
| Conjunctivitis (%) | 25/231 (11) | 9/91 (10) | 16/140 (11) | 0.713 | |
| Arthralgia (%) | 152/234 (65) | 62/94 (66) | 90/140 (64) | 0.793 | |
| Articular edema (%) | 35/134 (26) | 25/78 (32) | 10/56 (18) | 0.065 | |
| Headache (%) | 157/234 (67) | 56/94 (60) | 101/140 (72) | 0.045 | |
| Weakness (%) | 27/134 (20) | 16/78 (21) | 11/56 (20) | 0.901 | |
| Myalgia (%) | 69/129 (53) | 40/75 (53) | 29/54 (54) | 0.967 | |
| Sore throat/cough (%) | 42/129 (33) | 27/75 (36) | 15/54 (28) | 0.326 | |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms* (%) | 87/164 (53) | 33/80 (41) | 54/84 (64) | 0.003 | |
Continuous variables are presented as medians and interquartile ranges. RT-PCR: real-time polymerase chain reaction.
*
Abdominal pain, nauseas, vomit, diarrhea