Fig 1. PPC induces apoptosis in adipocytes, but not in non-adipocytes.

3T3-L1 adipocytes, C2C12 myocytes, HUVEC, and fibroblast cells were treated with different concentrations (0–10 mg/mL) of PPC for 24 h. Cells were assessed by MTT assay to determine viability (A) and caspase 3 activity (B). Means ± SEM were calculated from three independent experiments. *** P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, and *P < 0.05 compared to culture control.