Table 2. Descriptive data: CES-D scores, chronic health conditions, grip strength, and self-rated health for men and women from 2012–2016.
| 2012 Mean (95% CI) |
2016 Mean (95% CI) |
Paired samples t test (2012–2016) t, p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CES-D (out of 60) | |||
| Overall (n = 1161) | 8.15 (7.70–8.60) | 7.15 (6.75–7.56) | t = 4.838, p < 0.001**+ |
| Men (n = 545) | 6.53 (6.00–7.07) | 5.68 (5.18–6.18) | t = 3.266, p = 0.001**+ |
| Women (n = 613) | 9.59 (8.91–10.28) | 8.46 (7.85–9.08) | t = 3.60, p < 0.001**+ |
| Chronic health conditions (Out of 8) |
|||
| Overall (n = 1161) | 1.72 (1.64–1.79) | 2.08 (2.00–2.16) | t = -20.620, p < 0.001**+ |
| Men (n = 545) | 1.43 (1.32–1.53) | 1.80 (1.69–1.90) | t = -14.294, p < 0.001**+ |
| Women (n = 613) | 1.97 (1.87–2.08) | 2.34 (2.23–2.45) | t = -14.856, p < 0.001**+ |
| Grip strength (kg) | |||
| Overall (n = 1161) | 28.83 (28.22–29.44) | 26.98 (26.39–27.57) | t = 11.381, p < 0.001**+ |
| Men (n = 545) | 36.89 (36.13–37.65) | 34.68 (33.93–35.44) | t = 7.559, p < 0.001**+ |
| Women (n = 613) | 21.64 (21.21–22.06) | 20.08 (19.68–20.48) | t = 9.073, p < 0.001**+ |
| SRH (out of 5) | |||
| Overall (n = 1161) | 3.84 (3.79–3.89) | 3.91 (3.86–3.95) | t = -2.996, p = 0.003**+ |
| Men (n = 545) | 3.88 (3.82–3.95) | 3.92 (3.86–3.99) | t = -1.209, p = 0.227 |
| Women (n = 613) | 3.81 (3.74–3.88) | 3.90 (3.84–3.97) | t = -2.900, p = 0.004*+ |
Note: CI = confidence interval
* p < 0.05
** p < 0.01
+ Significant with Bonferroni adjusted p-value threshold of p < 0.00416.