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. 2019 Mar 27;13(3):e0007292. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007292

Table 1. Description of variables and parameters used to estimate distribution of indirect and direct doses.

Description Symbol Parameter Source
Pathogen concentration C
 Soil/gram a CSp See S1 Table This study
 Surface water/mL CWp See S1 Table This study
Transfer efficiency from object TE
 Soil adherence TES Lognormal (0.52,0.9) mg/cm2 Finley et al. (1994) [39]
 Water film thickness TEW Uniform (0.00234, 0.00499) cm EPA Exposure (1987) [38]
Surface area of hand SAHi
 6 to <12 months SAH1 Normal (240, 18.2) cm2 EPA Exposure (2011) [32]
 12 to <24 months SAH2 Normal (300, 30.4) cm2 EPA Exposure (2011) [32]
 24 to <72 months b SAH3 Normal (347.5, 48.6) cm2 EPA Exposure (2011) [32]
Fraction of hand FH
 Contacting object FHO Normal (0.215, 0.111) % Auyueng et al. (2008) [40]
 Contacting mouth FHM Normal (0.18, 0.076) % Auyueng et al. (2008) [40]
Transfer efficiency from hand TEH
 Hand-to-mouth TEHM 0.33 (%) Rusin et al. (2002) [41]
Volume ingested during direct ingestion V
 Geophagia VS 1.25 grams Ngure et al. 2013 [27]
 Drinking surface water VW 5 mL Labite et al. 2010 [15]

a Converted CSp to mg

b Averaged from reported data for age groups 2 to 3 years and 3 to 6 years.