Table 1:

Echocardiography of E2- and M1/2-KO vs. control at 4 weeks of age

	E2-CTRL	E2-KO	M1/2-CTRL	M1/2-KO
N	8	8	7	9
age (d)	27	27	27	27
body weight (g)	13.9±0.7	10.7±0.6**	15.8±0.6	10.2±0.5***
LV mass (mg)	66.9±3.0	82.4±4.8*	53.0±3.2	41.9±3.3*
heart/body weight	4.8±0.2	7.8±0.3***	3.4±0.1	4.1±0.2**
Echocardiography
heart rate (bpm)	404±18	417±19	457±11	362±16***
stroke volume (µl)	16.4±1.2	8.8±1.0***	17.1±1.7	12.0±0.8*
Vol dia (µl)	38.2±1.7	43.0±4.0	33.9±1.8	26.1±2.3*
Vol sys (µl)	22.9±2.1	34.0±3.2*	16.8±1.2	14.6±1.9
LV dia (mm)	3.6±0.1	3.9±0.1*	3.5±0.1	3.1±0.1**
LV sys (mm)	2.7±0.1	3.5±0.1***	2.6±0.1	2.4±0.1
LVPW dia (mm)	0.59±0.02	0.63±0.03	0.53±0.02	0.50±0.02
LVPW sys (mm)	0.76±0.04	0.69±0.02	0.69±0.03	0.66±0.02
IVS dia (mm)	0.60±0.03	0.62±0.03	0.51±0.03	0.49±0.01
IVS sys (mm)	0.76±0.04	0.72±0.04	0.69±0.04	0.66±0.02
FS (%)	24.9±1.6	9.3±0.8***	24.8±2.2	22.4±1.3
EF (%)	43.4±3.1	21.8±1.9***	50.1±3.5	46.4±2.1
Mitral, Doppler
E (mm/s)	502±42	376±38*	552±15	382±46**
A (mm/s)	308±25	72±4***	312±18	186±21***
E/A ratio	1.67±0.12	4.64±0.56***	1.80±0.09	2.10±0.15
IVRT (ms)	22.7±1.4	32.4±2.3**	17.0±0.9	25.3±1.2***
IVCT (ms)	23.2±2.5	26.0±1.6	18.4±1.4	20.3±0.6
MVDT (ms)	24.7±2.2	20.2±3.2	23.4±1.4	27.6±1.5
ET (ms)	50.5±2.9	41.4±2.6*	41.4±1.0	46.1±0.9**
E' (mm/s)	16.9±1.8	9.4±1.1**	26.1±4.2	15.0±1.8*
A' (mm/s)	19.9±1.2	9.8±2.1***	27.5±2.7	16.6±1.4**
E' / A'	0.85±0.06	1.12±0.18	0.92±0.08	0.90±0.05
E / E'	31.3±3.2	44.0±3.8*	25.4±4.9	26.4±2.7
Cardiac Performance
CO (ml/min)	6.6±0.5	3.8±0.5**	7.8±0.8	4.4±0.5**
MPI	0.92±0.07	1.42±0.06***	0.86±0.06	0.99±0.04

LV, left ventricle; Vol, volume; dia, diastole; sys, systole; LVPW, left ventricle posterior wall; IVS, interventricular septum; FS, fractional shortening; EF, ejection fraction; IVRT, isovolumetric relaxation time; IVCT, isovolumetric contraction time; MVDT, mitral valve deceleration time; ET, ejection time;

^*p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.01;

^***p < 0.001 versus respective control; Student’s T-test