Table 6.
PPI use and risk 00of incident acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease – sensitivity analyses
| AKI Cohort | CKD Cohort | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
PPI Users (n = 9736) |
H2-Receptor Blocker Users (n = 11,397) |
Nonusers (n = 68,391) |
PPI Users (n = 8192) |
H2-Receptor Blocker Users (n = 10,843) |
Nonusers (n = 61,874) |
|
| Number of events (%) | 111 (1.14) | 26 (0.23) | 63 (0.09) | 1159 (14.2) | 1572 (14.5) | 3638 (5.88) |
| Incident rate per 1000 person-years | 46.5 | 9.26 | 3.74 | 34.0 | 21.0 | 8.32 |
|
Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
p value |
Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
p value |
|||
| Unadjusted PPI use vs. no PPI use | 12.6 (9.25 – 17.2) | <0.0001 | 2.63 (2.45 – 2.82) | <0.0001 | ||
| PPI use vs. no PPI use | 4.31 (3.05 – 6.09) † | <0.0001 | 1.18 (1.09– 1.28) ‡ | <0.0001 | ||
| Unadjusted H2-receptor blocker use vs. no H2-receptor blocker use | 2.50 (1.58 – 3.95) | <0.0001 | 2.71 (2.54 – 2.88) | <0.0001 | ||
| H2-receptor blocker use vs. no H2-receptor blocker use | 1.16 (0.72 – 1.85) † | 0.55 | 1.49 (1.39 – 1.60) ‡ | <0.0001 | ||
| Unadjusted PPI use vs. H2-receptor blocker use | 5.05 (3.29 – 7.75) | <0.0001 | 0.97 (0.89 – 1.05) | 0.48 | ||
| PPI use vs. H2-receptor blocker use | 3.78 (2.44 – 5.84) a | <0.0001 | 0.81 (0.74 – 0.89) b | <0.0001 | ||
Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; AKI, acute kidney injury; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; CI, confidence interval; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers; H2, histamine-2
a
Adjusted for adjusted for age, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and use of fluoroquinolones, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and diuretics
b
Adjusted for age, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and use of ACE inhibitors, and diuretics