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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 10.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Biotechnol. 2018 Oct 8:10.1038/nbt.4204. doi: 10.1038/nbt.4204

Figure 1. Reactivities of modified cytosines in sequencing approaches.

Figure 1.

(a) Deamination underlies the differentiation of modified cytosines in current sequencing approaches. Standard BS-Seq converts cytosine to uracil and leaves 5mC and 5hmC unconverted, reading as C in sequencing. Modifications to 5mC and 5hmC in oxBS-Seq and TAB-Seq, when coupled to bisulfite, can differentiate these two bases. ACE-Seq uses enzymatic rather than bisulfite-mediated deamination to provide a comparable readout to TAB-Seq. (b) In the optimized ACE-Seq protocol, APOBEC3A catalyzes the enzymatic deamination of C and 5mC to completion, while 5hmC, which is highly resistant to deamination but is further protected by glucosylation, is localized by its non-conversion.