Table 8.

Validated tools to assess for distress/depression/anxiety

Tool	Intended use	How it works
Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)	Screen for anxiety	21 Items, 0 (not problematic)–3 (problematic)
Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)	Screen for depression	0–3 Scoring (≥16 suggests clinical depression)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7	Screen for anxiety	0–3 Scoring for 7 items (≥15 suggests severe anxiety)
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)	Screen for depression and anxiety	0–3 Scoring for 14 items (≥9 suggests clinical significance)
NCCN Distress Thermometer	Screen for distress	0 (No distress)–10 (extreme distress), ≥14 suggests clinical significance)
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9	Screen for depression	0–3 Scoring for 9 items (≥20 suggests severe depression)

NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network.