Fig. 1.

The transcription and expression of TNF-α and IL-1β after papaverine pretreatment. Primary microglia were pretreated with papaverine (0, 0.4, 2, and 10 μg/ml) for 4 h and incubated with LPS (100 ng/ml) for another 24 h. a The transcription of TNF-α and IL-1β were detected by RT-PCR (n = 5). b The expression of TNF-α and IL-1β were detected by ELISA (n = 5). *P < 0.05 versus LPS group, **P < 0.01 versus LPS group