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. 2019 Apr 8;9:5793. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41876-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The percentage of honey bees (Apis mellifera) that responded to the conditioned stimulus (linalool) with a proboscis extension response within the first 10 s of odour presentation in four learning trials after 30 min of air treatment exposure (N_control = 22, N_diesel = 20) (a) and in four learning trials after 150 min of air treatment exposure (N_control = 66, N_diesel = 65) (b). For the honey bees that were given a 150-minute air treatment exposure and that exhibited a conditioned response during the learning trials, subsequent assessments were made to assess their ability to recall the conditioned odour information. It was recorded whether honey bees extended their proboscis in response to the conditioned stimuli at four different time points (1.5, 24, 48, 72 h) after the initial conditioning trials (N_{control 1.5,24,48,72h} = 59, 55, 47, 29; N_{diesel 1.5,24,48,72h} = 47, 42, 37, 23) (c). Values displayed are means (±SE). Significant beta regression model statistics shown. Full model statistics shown in Table S1.