Table 2.

Summary of human studies

Author	Procedure type	Group and study type	Key results
Gouda et al. 2017 Bilateral RCT	6 patients 8 sinus lifts in sites with < 8 mm available bone. CBCT at 1 week and 9 months to determine the change in bone height and %age of bone loss. Histomorphometry to determine new bone formation rate	Experimental group: 7.21 mg simvastatin/1 g beta-TCP Control: beta-TCP	SSD in new bone formation of maxillary sinus bone grafting. More in the SIM group. No SSD in the amount of bone loss between both groups
Ranjan et al. 2017 RCT	20 patients, 40 bilateral periodontal intrabony defects. Open flap debridement. Clinical and radiographic outcomes	Experimental group: OFD + 1.2 SIM compared to Control: OFD + placebo. GI, PI, PD, CAL at 3, 6, 9 months. Bone fill assessment	SSD decrease in PD. GI and increase in CAL in the experimental group. No SSD in PI. SSD increase in the amount and percentage of bone fill in the experimental group
Kinra et al. 2010 Bilateral RCT	15 patients Bilateral 2-walled or 3-walled periodontal intrabony defects. Regenerative periodontal therapy with bone grafts. Clinical and radiographic outcomes	Experimental group: DFDBA and SIM (10–8 M) Control group: DFDBA PI, PD, intrabony pocket depth at 10, 24 weeks	SSD in an increase in bone fill, CAL gain, reduction in PD in the experimental group
Chauhan et al., 2015 Bilateral RCT	30 patients Bilateral impacted mandibular third molar extraction sockets. Extraction and site preservation. Clinical and radiographic outcomes	Experimental group: Gelfoam with 10 mg simvastatin Control: Gelfoam Pain, swelling, bone density with software at 3 months	No SSD in facial swelling and pain between both groups. SSD increase in bone density (calculated by gray level histogram) in the experimental group
Pradeep et al. 2012 Bilateral RCT	72 patients Mandibular molar buccal Class II furcation defects. Non-surgical periodontal therapy. Radiographic assessment of (PD), (RVAL) vertical and horizontal (RHAL) attachment levels	Group I: SRP plus placebo Group II: SRP plus 1.2-mg SIM Recall at Baseline, 3 and 6 months	SSD in the experimental group < control SSD in PD in the experimental group at all periods. SSD increase in bone fill, RVAL, RHAL in the experimental group
Madi M, Kassem A 2018 RCT	N = 40 Free gingival graft procedure. Visual analog scale for pain and discomfort scoring. Wound healing score	4 groups: group I: Simvastatin suspension (S), group II: simvastatin/chitosan gel (SC), group III: chitosan gel (C), group IV: petroleum gel (P). Recall at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days	SSD in VAS and wound healing score at 3, 7, 15 days in the group II, simvastatin/chitosan gel (SC) application

DFDBA demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft, TCP tricalcium phosphate, OFD open flap debridement, SSD statistical significant difference, GI gingival index, PI plaque index, PD probing depth, CAL clinical attachment level, SRP scaling and root planning, SIM simvastatin, VAS visual analog scale