Table 1.

Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system for assessment of the results of treatment for low back pain

Item	Point range
Subjective symptoms (9 points)
Low-back pain	3, 2, 1, 0
Leg pain and/or leg tingling sensation	3, 2, 1, 0
Neurogenic intermittent claudication	3, 2, 1, 0
Clinical signs (6 points)
Straight-leg-raising test	2, 1, 0
Leg sensory disorder	2, 1, 0
Loss in leg muscle strength	2, 1, 0
Restriction of activities of daily living (14 points)
Roll-over	2, 1, 0
Standing up	2, 1, 0
Face-wash	2, 1, 0
Hold leaning forward or standing	2, 1, 0
Prolonged sitting (about 1 hr)	2, 1, 0
Lifting or holding heavy object	2, 1, 0
Ambulation	2, 1, 0
Bladder function	0, -3, -6
Totala)	29 to -6

^a)A normal total Japanese Orthopaedic Association score is 29 points.