Table 2.

Description of psychological constructs assessed in the Small Steps for Big Changes program.

Outcome	Measure	Items	Exemplar question	Response options
Task self-efficacy	Study-specific. Created following recommendations made by Bandura [25] and McAuley and Mihalko [61]	4	How confident are you that you can perform 4-high intensity intervals OR perform 20-minutes of continuous moderate exercise (dependent on condition)	0% (not at all) to 100% (extremely confident)
Self-regulatory efficacy	Study-specific. Adapted from Shields and Brawley [62]	14	How confident are you that you can develop solutions to cope with time management challenges with respect to your exercise schedule?	0% (not at all) to 100% (extremely confident)
Concurrent self-regulatory efficacy	Study-specific. Adapted from Jung et al [19]	5	During a typical week, how confident are you in your ability to concurrently manage high-intensity interval training /continuous moderate intensity exercise amongst your other valued life goals? (dependent on condition)	0% (not at all) to 100% (extremely confident)
Outcome expectations: likelihood	Study-specific. Adapted from Locke et al [31]	23	How likely is it that each outcome in the list below will occur at least once in a typical week for the next four weeks as a result of engaging in high-intensity interval training/moderate intensity continuous training (dependent on condition) Lower risk of type 2 diabetes; Feel good about my physical appearance	1 (very unlikely) to 9 (very likely)
Outcome values	Study-specific. Adapted from Locke et al [31]	23	How much do you value attaining each outcome from the list below? Lower risk of type 2 diabetes; Feel good about my physical appearance	1 (little value to me) to 9 (great value to me)
Self-monitoring	Study-specific. Adapted from Hallam and Petosa [63] and Petosa [64]	19	In the past week I mentally kept track of my exercise activities	1 (never) to 5 (very often)
Affective and instrumental attitudes	Study-specific. Adapted from Connor et al [58]	13	For me, exercising three days per week would be...1 (useless) to 7 (useful)	1 to 7 (anchors vary depending on the question)
Affective state	The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; [59])	20	Read each item and then use the scale to indicate to what extent you have felt this way during the past few days (Interested, Distressed, Upset)	1 (very slightly or not at all) to 5 (extremely)
Enjoyment	Physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES; [57])	18	Please rate how you feel at the moment about the physical activity you have been doing...1 (I enjoy it) to 7 (I hate it)	1 to 7 (anchors vary depending on the question)
In-task affect	Feeling Scale [60]	1	When asked please tell me how you feel at that current moment using the scale below	+5 (very good) to −5 (very bad)
In-task rating of perceived exertion	10-point Category-Ratio Scale [55]	1	Using the scale provided please rate how hard you are currently working	0 (no exertion at all) to 10 (maximal exertion)
In-task exercise enjoyment	Study-specific	1	Using the scale provided please rate how much you are enjoying this exercise session	1 (note at all) to 7 (extremely)