Table 1.

World Health Organization guidelines for drug-resistant tuberculosis, 2016 update^a

Group	Medicine		Abbreviation
A. Fluroquinolonesb	Levofloxacin Moxifloxacin Gatifloxacin		Lfx Mfx Gfx
B. Second-line injectable agents	Amikacin Capreomycin Kanamycin (Streptomycin)c		Am Cm Km (S)
C. Other core second-line agentsb	Ethianomide / Prothionamide Cycloserine / Terizidone Linezolid Clofazimine		Eto / Pro Cs / Trd Lzd Cfz
D. Add-on agents (not part of the core MDR-TB regimen)	D1	Pyrazinamide Ethambutol High-dose isoniazid	Z E H
	D2	Bedaquiline Delamanid	Bdq Dlm
	D3	p-aminosalicylic acid Imipenem-cilastatind Meropenemd Amoxicillin-clavulanated (Thioacetazone)e	PAS Ipm Mpm AMx-Clv (T)

MDR-TB = multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

^aThis regrouping was intended to guide the design of longer regimens; the composition of the recommended shorter MDR-TB regimen is standardised.

^bMedicines in Groups A and C are shown by decreasing order of usual preference for use (subject to other considerations).

^cRefer to the source text for the conditions under which streptomycin may substitute other injectable agents. Resistance to streptomycin alone does not qualify for the definition of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis.

^dCarbapenems and clavulanate are meant to be used together; clavulanate is only available in formulations combined with amoxicillin.

^eHIV status must be confirmed to be negative before thioacetazone is started.

Reprinted with permission from World Health Organization. WHO treatment guidelines for drug-resistant tuberculosis, 2016 update. Geneva: WHO, 2016:23.²²