Table 4.
Exercise intervention effects on outcomes for the total group and stratified per subgroup based on baseline standard deviation score, in case of statistically significant moderator effects of the baseline values
| Outcome | Overall effect |
<1 SD below mean |
1 SD below mean to mean |
Mean to 1 SD above mean |
>1 SD above mean |
Ptrend* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | β (95% CI) | n | β (95% CI) | n | β (95% CI) | n | β (95% CI) | n | β (95% CI) | ||
| All studies | |||||||||||
| Fatigue† | 3846 | −0.17 (−0.22 to −0.12)‡ | 649 | −0.03 (−0.13 to 0.08) | 1430 | −0.17 (−0.25 to −0.09)‡ | 1124 | −0.20 (−0.30 to −0.11)‡ | 643 | −0.22 (−0.37 to −0.07)‡ | <.001 |
| Physical function | 3984 | 0.18 (0.13 to 0.23)‡ | 649 | 0.27 (0.11 to 0.42)‡ | 890 | 0.22 (0.11 to 0.34)‡ | 1727 | 0.19 (0.12 to 0.25)‡ | 718 | 0.03 (−0.07 to 0.12) | <.001 |
| During cancer treatment | |||||||||||
| Aerobic fitness | 1374 | 0.25 (0.18 to 0.33)‡ | 211 | 0.07 (−0.12 to 0.26) | 510 | 0.20 (0.09 to 0.31)‡ | 453 | 0.32 (0.22 to 0.43)‡ | 200 | 0.38 (0.15 to 0.60)‡ | <.001 |
| Upper body muscle strength | 1106 | 0.25 (0.16 to 0.35)‡ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Lower body muscle strength | 1019 | 0.29 (0.20 to 0.37)‡ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Quality of life | 1914 | 0.15 (0.07 to 0.22)‡ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Post cancer treatment | |||||||||||
| Aerobic fitness | 843 | 0.33 (0.24 to 0.41)‡ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Upper body muscle strength | 904 | 0.10 (0.04 to 0.15)‡ | 168 | 0.21 (0.12 to 0.30)‡ | 458 | 0.19 (0.13 to 0.25)‡ | 180 | −0.04 (−0.16 to 0.08) | 98 | −0.06 (−0.17 to 0.06) | <.001 |
| Lower body muscle strength | 646 | 0.26 (0.18 to 0.34)‡ | 89 | 0.38 (0.25 to 0.51)‡ | 363 | 0.30 (0.21 to 0.39)‡ | 129 | 0.20 (−0.01 to 0.40)§ | 65 | 0.03 (−0.33 to 0.40) | <.001 |
| Quality of life | 1960 | 0.15 (0.09 to 0.21)‡ | 311 | 0.36 (0.17 to 0.55)‡ | 538 | 0.19 (0.06 to 0.32)‡ | 741 | 0.12 (0.03 to 0.21)‡ | 370 | −0.02 (−0.13 to 0.08) | .01 |
*
P value of the two-sided trend test. CI = confidence intervals; df = degrees of freedom; SD = standard deviation.
†
Higher scores on the fatigue scale indicate more fatigue.
‡
P ≤ .05, P value of the two-sided linear mixed model analyses Analyses are adjusted for age, sex, and cancer type.
§
.05 < P ≤ .10. P value of the two-sided linear mixed model analyses. Analyses are adjusted for age, sex, and cancer type.