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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 9.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Transl Med. 2018 Aug 29;10(456):eaam6474. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam6474

Fig. 5. Effect of tenapanor on paracellular permeability measured by direct biophysical methods and the chemical driving forces for paracellular absorption in vivo in rats.

Fig. 5.

Effect of tenapanor at pH 8.0 on (A) TEER, (B) sodium permeability (pNa+), (C) chloride permeability (pCl−), (D) sodium-to-chloride permeability (pNa+/pCl−), and (E) phosphate permeability (pPO 3−) in human duodenum monolayer cultures mounted in Ussing chambers. Effect of tenapanor on (F) TEER, (G) pNa+, (H) pCl−, (I) pNa+/pCl−, and (J) pPO43− across mouse jejunum in Ussing chambers. Luminal concentrations of (K) sodium, (L) chloride, and (M) phosphate in the proximal and distal small intestine in untreated rats trained to eat a standardized meal (n = 6 per group). Means ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001; pairwise comparisons by Student’s t test (A to J); two-way ANOVA, with post hoc testing at each time point with Bonferroni’s correction (K to M).