Table I.
Participant Characteristics
| Characteristic | Camp Study (N = 1,005) | STePS Study (N = 260) |
|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | |
| Teen age | 14.39 (1.52) | 15.74 (1.09) |
| A1c | 7.94 (1.56) | 9.14 (1.92) |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 6.98 (3.10) | 6.88 (4.03) |
| n (%) | n (%) | |
| Teen gender, % female | 581 (58) | 152 (58) |
| Teen race/ethnicity | ||
| Caucasian | 881 (88) | 178 (68) |
| African-American | 25 (3) | 33 (13) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 39 (4) | 26 (10) |
| Asian | 5 (<1) | 6 (2) |
| Other | 4 (<1) | 17 (7) |
| Annual family income | ||
| ≤$50,000 | 204 (20) | 39 (15) |
| $51–100,000 | 276 (27) | 81 (31) |
| $101–175,000 | 252 (25) | 71 (27) |
| >$175,000 | 111 (11) | 42 (16) |
| Insulin administration, % pump | 751 (75) | 177 (68) |
| % Regular use of continuous glucose monitor | 667 (66) | 80 (31) |
| Living with | ||
| Both parents | 733 (73) | 191 (73) |
| Parent and stepparent/partner | 105 (10) | 19 (7) |
| One parent | 113 (11) | 38 (15) |
| Other | 24 (2) | 12 (5) |
| Caregiver relationship to child | ||
| Mother/stepmother/foster mother | 896 (89) | 232 (89) |
| Father/stepfather/foster father | 88 (9) | 20 (8) |
| Other | 13 (1) | 3 (1) |
| Mother education | ||
| 6th grade or less | − | 1 (<1) |
| Some middle/high school | 16 (2) | 9 (3) |
| High school graduate | 70 (7) | 22 (8) |
| Some college | 209 (21) | 66 (25) |
| College graduate | 433 (43) | 109 (42) |
| Graduate school or professional degree | 267 (27) | 49 (19) |
| Father education | ||
| 6th grade or less | − | 1 (<1) |
| Some middle/high school | 41 (4) | 10 (4) |
| High school graduate | 152 (15) | 33 (13) |
| Some college | 251 (25) | 68 (26) |
| College graduate | 319 (32) | 74 (28) |
| Graduate school or professional degree | 214 (21) | 59 (23) |