Table 1.
Participant Demographic Characteristics
| Arabic (n = 83) |
Assyrian (n = 85) |
Vietnamese (n = 83) |
Sample (n = 251) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 51.8 (10.2) | 56.6 (9.7) | 57.1 (11.7) | 55.2 (10.8) |
| Gender, (n) Male:Female | 22:61 | 29:56 | 24:59 | 75:176 |
| Years in Australia | 11.8 (11.5) | 12.1 (10.4) | 23.1 (9.3) | 15.5 (11.6) |
| Migration circumstances n (%) | ||||
| Voluntary migrant | 25 (30) | 21 (25) | 47 (57) | 93 (37) |
| Refugee | 58 (70) | 64 (75) | 36 (43) | 158 (63) |
| Marital status - Married n (%) | 61 (74) | 60 (71) | 45 (54) | 167 (67) |
| Level of education, n (%) | ||||
| No school | 3 (4) | 11 (13) | 3 (3.5) | 17 (7) |
| Primary | 15 (18) | 19 (22) | 22 (27) | 56 (22) |
| Secondary | 37 (44) | 32 (38) | 45 (54) | 114 (45) |
| Tertiary | 28 (34) | 23 (27) | 13 (15.5) | 64 (26) |
| Duration of Pain (years) | 10.5 (8.0) | 9.9 (8.3) | 8.3 (6.3) | 9.6 (7.6) |
| Work status, n (%) | ||||
| Full or part-time work | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 9 (11) | 12 (5) |
| Unemployed due to pain | 63 (76) | 56 (66) | 43 (52) | 162 (65) |
| Retired | 3 (4) | 9 (11) | 16 (19) | 28 (11) |
| Carer or domestic role | 7 (8%) | 7 (8%) | 10 (12) | 26 (10) |
| Other | 9 (11%) | 11 (13%) | 5 (6%) | 23 (9) |
| Receiving pension/benefit, n (%) | 81 (98%) | 81 (95%) | 72 (87%) | 230 (92) |
| Pension or benefit type | ||||
| Disability, n | 19 | 25 | 18 | 62 (25) |
| Unemployment, n | 48 | 39 | 27 | 114 (45) |
| Age pension, n | 4 | 12 | 14 | 30 (12) |
| Carer pension / other, n | 10 | 5 | 13 | 24 (10) |
| BPI (Pain Severity) /10 | 7.3 (1.9) | 6.9 (1.9) | 6.2 (1.9) | 6.8 (1.9) |
| BPI (Pain Interference) /10 | 7.5 (1.9) | 7.1 (1.9) | 6.3 (2.3) | 6.9 (2.1) |
| PRISM SPS /27 | 4.0 (4.6) | 5.0 (4.9) | 7.2 (6.8) | 5.4 (5.6) |
| DASS-Depression /42 | 28.2 (10.5) | 25.1 (11.1) | 23.3 (13.1) | 25.6 (11.8) |
| DASS-Anxiety /42 | 25.8 (10.7) | 19.7 (11.6) | 19.9 (11.5) | 21.8 (11.6) |
| DASS-Stress /42 | 30.5 (8.9) | 25.9 (9.9) | 22.7 (10.6) | 26.4 (10.3) |
| SF-36 Physical Component Summarya | 31.7 (6.6) | 32.7 (7.0) | 33.7 (6.9) | 32.7 (6.9) |
| SF-36 Mental Component Summarya | 29.0 (9.7) | 34.7 (10.6) | 33.8 (12.2) | 32.5 (11.1) |
| SF-36 Physical Functioninga | 27.2 (25.6) | 28.9 (23.5) | 33.7 (22.6) | 29.9 (24.0) |
| SF-36 Role Physicala | 25.8 (21.8) | 32.2 (24.0) | 32.5 (24.1) | 30.2 (23.5) |
| SF-36 Bodily Paina | 16.6 (14.9) | 22.6 (16.2) | 28.6 (19.1) | 22.6 (17.5) |
| SF-36 General Healtha | 21.4 (17.8) | 31.0 (19.5) | 25.2 (19.3) | 25.9 (19.2) |
| SF-36 Vitalitya | 21.7 (19.1) | 27.9 (21.4) | 29.9 (20.6) | 26.5 (20.6) |
| SF-36 Social Functioninga | 34.5 (25.4) | 45.4 (24.0) | 44.6 (25.7) | 41.5 (25.4) |
| SF-36 Recreationa | 28.6 (26.3) | 40.6 (27.5) | 38.4 (27.9) | 35.9 (27.6) |
| SF-36 Mental Healtha | 29.3 (19.4) | 32.8 (20.7) | 40.1 (23.2) | 35.9 (21.6) |
Values are presented as Mean (Standard Deviation) unless otherwise indicated. n Number of participants, % Percentage within the group, BPI Brief Pain Inventory, SPS Self-Pain-Separation, DASS Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, SF-36 Short Form 36
aAll scores for SF-36 are calculated out of 100