Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital n = 202
| Characteristic | n = 202 |
|---|---|
| Age (yrs) μ SD | 46.7 ± 16.2 |
| Male Gender n (%) | 118 (58.4%) |
| Marital status | |
| Married n (%) | 137 (67.8) |
| Single n (%) | 42 (20.8) |
| Divorced/separated n (%) | 12 (5.9) |
| Widowed n (%) | 11(5.5) |
| Educational level | |
| No formal education n (%) | 22 (10.9) |
| Primary education n (%) | 21 (10.4) |
| Junior high school n (%) | 56 (22.7) |
| Senior high school n (%) | 77 (38.1) |
| Tertiary n (%) | 26 (12.9) |
| Employment status | |
| Full time employment n (%) | 96 (47.5) |
| Part time employment n (%) | 4 (2.0) |
| Unemployed n (%) | 83 (41.1) |
| In training n (%) | 4 (2.0) |
| Retired n (%) | 15 (7.4) |
| Monthly income status | |
| Less than GHS 500 n (%) | 165 (81.7) |
| GHS 500–1499 n (%) | 20 (9.9) |
| GHS 1500–2499 n (%) | 9 (4.5) |
| GHS 2500–3499 n (%) | 2 (1.0) |
| Greater than GHS 3500 n (%) | 6 (3.0) |
| Cause of CKD | |
| Chronic glomerulonephritis n (%) | 118 (58.4) |
| Diabetes mellitus n (%) | 40 (19.8) |
| Hypertension n (%) | 19 (9.4) |
| Polycystic kidney disease n (%) | 14 (6.9) |
| HIVAN n (%) | 5 (2.5) |
| Obstructive uropathy n (%) | 2 (1.0) |
| Others n (%) | 4 (2.0) |
| Stage of CKD | |
| Stage 3 n (%) | 13 (6.5) |
| Stage 4 n (%) | 45 (22.4) |
| Stage 5 n (%) | 143 (71.1) |
| Systolic BP mmHg μ SD | 152.3 ± 30.0 |
| Diastolic BP mmHg μ SD | 88.6 ± 19.8 |
| Hypertension n (%) | 187 (92.6) |
| Laboratory characteristics | |
| Haemoglobin levels (g/dL)) μ SD | 9.2 ± 2.5 |
| Anaemia (Hb < 12 g/dL) n (%) | 164 (81.2) |
| MCV fL μ SD | 81.4 ± 7.6 |
| MCH pg/cell μ SD | 28.0 ± 3.2 |
| Serum Urea mmol/L M (IQR) | 19.2 (12.5–30.5) |
| Serum Creatinine umol/L M (IQR)) | 634.2 (333–1248) |
| GFR ml/min/1.73m2 M (IQR) | 7 (3–16) |
| Medications used | |
| ACEi/ARBs n (%) | 141 (70.2) |
| Calcium channel blockers n (%) | 161 (80.1) |
| Diuretics n (%) | 160 (79.6) |
| Beta- blockers n (%) | 56 (27.9) |
| Hydralazine n (%) | 56 (27.9) |
| Methyldopa n (%) | 80 (39.8) |
| ESA n (%) | 19 (9.4) |
| Intravenous iron n (%) | 4 (2.0) |
Yrs years, SD standard deviation, μ mean, n. number, GHS Ghanaian cedis, USD United States dollars, MCV mean corpuscular volume, MCH mean corpuscular haemoglobin, SD standard deviation, μ mean, IQR interquartile range, M median, BP blood pressure, GFR glomerular filtration rate, fL femtolitres, pg pigogram, CKD chronic kidney disease, HIVAN human immunodeficiency virus associated nephropathy, ACEi angiotension converting enzyme inhibitor, ARBs angiotensin II receptor blocker, ESA erythropoietin stimulating agent, others chronic schistosomiasis and posttraumatic nephrectomy