FIGURE 3.

Roles of cold temperature or/and CSE in TRPM8 mediated increase in intracellular Ca²⁺ level in 16HBE cells. Intracellular Ca²⁺ levels were measured by Fluo3-AM fluorescent probe assay. (A) Cells were exposed to 18°C or/and CSE for 30 min. (B) Representative images of fluorescence-positive cells were exposed to18°C for 6 min, to CSE for 3 min, to both cold temperature and CSE for 6 min and with or without transfection of TRPM8 shRNA or scramble shRNA. (C) Fluorescence intensity for intracellular calcium concentration was analyzed with the quantification tools. Data in each group are mean ± SD; n = 4. ^∗p < 0.05 vs. control, ^#p < 0.05 vs. 18°C alone, ^Δp < 0.05 vs. CSE alone.