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. 2019 Mar 29;10:285. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00285

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Copyright © 2019 Wang, Yang, Li and Zhou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of CSE on cold temperature-induced production of inflammatory cytokines. Quantification of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α mRNA and protein in 16HBE cells exposed to 18°C or/and CSE. mRNA and protein expression were evaluated by using real-time PCR with the ΔΔCt method and ELISA assay. Data in each group are mean ± SD; n = 4. ^∗p < 0.05 vs. control, ^#p < 0.05 vs. cold alone, ^Δp < 0.05 vs. CSE alone.