Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Clin Epidemiol. 2018 Dec 7;108:34–43. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.11.024

Table 2.

Distribution of total disease burden associated with exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the US according to race/ethnicity (base case estimates)

Burden of disease & percentage of total cases across all race/ethnicity categories
Exposure and related outcome Non-Hispanic White Non-Hispanic Black Mexican American Other Hispanic Other/Multiracial
Polybrominateddiphenyl ethers -(PBDE) IQ Point Loss and Intellectual Disability cases IQ Loss: 5.1 million IQ Loss: 1.6 million IQ Loss: 1.4 million IQ Loss: 1.6 million
IQ cases: 22,400 (52.3%) IQ cases: 7,300 (17.0%) IQ cases: 5,800 (14.0%) IQ cases: 7,200 (16.7%)
Organophosphate pesticides (OP)-IQ Point Loss and Intellectual Disability cases IQ Loss: 834,300 IQ Loss: 281,200 IQ Loss: 262,200 IQ Loss: 232,500 IQ Loss: 277,500
IQ cases: 3,470 (44.2%) IQ cases: 1,200 (14.9%) IQ cases: 1,100 (13.4%) IQ cases: 1,000 (12.3%) IQ cases: 1,340 (14.7%)
Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) - Childhood overweight 108 (5.3%) 61 (3.0%) 1,600 (79.1%) 255 (12.6%)
Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) – Adult diabetes 0 (0%) 10,400 (26.5%) 16,980 (43.2%) 11,900 (30.3%)
Di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP)-Adult obesity 4,180 (68.3%) 1,280 (20.9%) 604 (9.9%) 59 (1.0%) 0 (0%)
Di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP)-Adult diabetes 468 (12.2%) 2,850 (74.5%) 461 (12.0%) 47 (1.2%) 0 (0%)
Bisphenol A - Childhood obesity 16,400 (48.4%) 7,730 (22.8%) 6,780 (20.0%) 1,322 (3.9%) 1,620 (4.8%)
Polybrominateddiphenyl ethers (PBDE) - Testicular cancer 2,320 (64.7%) 445 (12.4%) 546 (15.2%) 274 (7.6%)
Polybrominateddiphenyl ethers (PBDE) - Cryptorchidism 2,750 (66.3%) 217 (5.2%) 194 (4.7%) 990 (23.8%)
Phthalates - Low testosterone, Resulting in Increased Early Mortality 15,540 (77.3%) 1,310 (6.5%) 1,740 (8.7%) 105 (0.5%) 1,415 (7.0%) 13
Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) - Fibroids 17,700 (34.6%) 9,460 (18.5%) 16,270 (31.8%) 7,770 (15.2%)
Di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) - Endometriosis 46,890 (56.7%) 12,900 (15.6%) 14,530 (17.6%) 1,790 (2.2%) 6,640 (8.0%)