Table 1.
Simulation study results: Performance of estimators for additive model parameters in the scenario with moderate measurement error, low proportion of missing at-risk-visit measurements and strong effects of the markers on the hazard. Results for low and high correlations and each multiple marker model are shown. Effect sizes and standard errors are expressed per 1000 units
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis | Correlation | MRB | StdBias | ObsSE | EstSE | CP | MRB | StdBias | ObsSE | EstSE | CP | MRB | StdBias | ObsSE | EstSE | CP |
| Correlated random effects model | ||||||||||||||||
| True | Low | 4.3 | 8.8 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 96.0 | 3.1 | 6.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 94.2 |
 0.0 |
 0.0 |
0.5 | 0.5 | 94.7 |
| LOCF |
 54.8 |
 152.6 |
0.4 | 0.4 | 71.0 |
 55.4 |
 149.7 |
0.4 | 0.4 | 68.9 |
 57.3 |
 150.8 |
0.4 | 0.4 | 65.0 | |
| simple2S |
 14.2 |
 28.4 |
0.5 | 0.5 | 94.6 |
 15.2 |
 29.4 |
0.5 | 0.5 | 93.1 |
 16.8 |
 31.5 |
0.5 | 0.5 | 92.6 | |
| MIJM | 3.2 | 3.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 97.4 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 97.3 |
 1.5 |
 1.7 |
0.9 | 1.0 | 95.3 | |
| unMIJM |
 15.0 |
 28.8 |
0.5 | 0.7 | 98.9 |
 17.0 |
 31.8 |
0.5 | 0.7 | 98.9 |
 18.1 |
 32.9 |
0.5 | 0.7 | 97.9 | |
| True | High | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 94.1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 94.4 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 95.6 |
| LOCF |
 29.3 |
 71.1 |
0.4 | 0.4 | 88.5 |
 26.9 |
 65.5 |
0.4 | 0.4 | 88.4 |
 29.8 |
 74.2 |
0.4 | 0.4 | 89.6 | |
| simple2S |
 9.0 |
 12.0 |
0.8 | 0.7 | 95.1 |
 9.1 |
 12.1 |
0.8 | 0.7 | 94.8 |
 12.2 |
 16.7 |
0.7 | 0.7 | 95.6 | |
| MIJM | 27.8 | 16.6 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 96.5 | 29.2 | 17.6 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 95.6 | 25.3 | 15.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 96.7 | |
| unMIJM | 5.5 | 6.8 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 98.9 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 98.4 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 99.2 | |
| Product-normal model | ||||||||||||||||
| True | Low | 3.3 | 6.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 95.3 | 2.8 | 5.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 94.0 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 94.7 |
| LOCF |
 56.3 |
 149.9 |
0.4 | 0.4 | 66.9 |
 56.4 |
 149.1 |
0.4 | 0.4 | 66.8 |
 57.1 |
 151.5 |
0.4 | 0.4 | 66.7 | |
| simple2S |
 14.4 |
 27.7 |
0.5 | 0.5 | 94.2 |
 16.1 |
 30.5 |
0.5 | 0.5 | 93.6 |
 17.1 |
 32.4 |
0.5 | 0.5 | 93.3 | |
| MIJM | 1.3 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 96.4 |
 0.2 |
 0.2 |
0.9 | 1.0 | 96.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 96.4 | |
| unMIJM |
 15.5 |
 28.6 |
0.5 | 0.7 | 98.3 |
 16.5 |
 30.1 |
0.5 | 0.7 | 98.0 |
 19.8 |
 36.5 |
0.5 | 0.7 | 98.4 | |
| True | High | 7.5 | 12.9 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 95.2 |
 3.3 |
 6.7 |
0.5 | 0.5 | 94.8 |
 0.6 |
 1.3 |
0.5 | 0.5 | 95.1 |
| LOCF |
 30.0 |
 81.5 |
0.4 | 0.4 | 89.4 |
 42.3 |
 121.8 |
0.3 | 0.4 | 77.4 |
 38.8 |
 114.5 |
0.3 | 0.4 | 81.2 | |
| simple2S |
 11.1 |
 19.3 |
0.6 | 0.6 | 95.8 |
 13.4 |
 27.8 |
0.5 | 0.5 | 94.4 |
 8.7 |
 18.2 |
0.5 | 0.5 | 95.1 | |
| MIJM | 22.2 | 19.7 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 95.5 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 96.8 | 9.6 | 11.5 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 95.9 | |
| unMIJM | 1.1 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 99.1 |
 14.6 |
 29.8 |
0.5 | 0.7 | 98.3 |
 9.5 |
 19.8 |
0.5 | 0.7 | 99.2 | |
MRB, mean relative bias (%); StdBias, standardized bias (%); ObsSE, observed (empirical) standard error; EstSE, mean estimated standard error; CP, coverage probability (%).