Table 1. Characteristics of included studies with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) groups.
| Reference | Study typeA | Clinical ScaleB |
N of subject (clinical; HC) |
Age (mean ± SD) |
Female patients (%) | Rx | Comorbidity | Stimulus valenceC | Response modality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ashley[5] | CC | CPRS | 30; 30 | 32.2 ± 7.9 | 3.3 | - | Yes | GN, GP, PTSD | Verbal |
| Buckley[42] | CC | SCID | 6; 6 | 34.7 ± 7.0 | 100 | - | - | PTSD | Verbal |
| Cassiday[43] | CC | SCID | 12; 12 | 33.2 ± 10.3 | 91.7 | Yes, not specified | - | GN, GP | Verbal |
| Harvey[44] | CC | PTSD-I | 20; 20 | 34.0 ± 10.9 | 70.0 | - | - | PTSD | Verbal |
| Herzog[45] | CC | SCID, CAPS | 28; 28 | 30.6 ± 10.0 | 100 | Yes | Yes | GN, PTSD | Motor |
| Khanna[46] | CC | CAPS | 26; 16 | 33.9 ± 9.0 | 0.0 | - | Yes | GN, PTSD | Verbal |
| El Khoury-Malhame[6] | CBA | MINI | 19; 19 | 45.0 ± 15.0 | 63.2 | Yes | Yes | GN | Motor |
| Martinson[47] | CC | SCID | 33; 35 | 23.6 | 78.8 | - | - | PTSD | Motor |
| McNally[48] | CC | CMISS | 15; 12 | 48.0 ± 13.4 | 100 | - | - | GP, PTSD | Verbal |
| Metzger[49] | CC | SCID | 9; 10 | 37.0 ± 10.0 | 66.7 | No | Yes | GP, PTSD | Motor |
| Paunovic[7] | CC | CAPS | 39; 39 | 35.7 ± 9.7 | 39.3 | Yes | Yes | GP, PTSD | Verbal |
| Thomaes[50] | RCT | CAPS | 29; 22 | 33.5 ± 11.6 | 100 | Yes | Yes | GN, PTSD | Motor |
| Wittekind[51] | CC | SCID | 22; 11 | 71.0 ± 2.4 | 68.2 | - | - | GN, PTSD | Verbal |
A CBA = Controlled before and after study, CC = Case-control, RCT = Randomized Controlled Trial
B CPRS = Computerized Patient Record System, SCID = Structured Clinical Interview for DSM, PTSD-I = PTSD-Interview, CAPS = Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, MINI = Mini-Internal Neuropsychiatric Interview for DSM, CMISS = Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (civilian version)
C GN = Generally negative, GP = Generally positive, PTSD = Posttraumatic stress disorder-relevant; Rx = Prescriptions