Table 1. Cohort characteristics.
| Variable | US-EFW ( n = 630) | No US-EFW ( n = 2,162) | p- Value | US diagnosis of ≥ 90th percentile a ( n = 140) |
US diagnosis of < 90th percentile
b
( n = 490) |
p- Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age at delivery (y) | 28.7 ± 6.2 c | 29.1 ± 6.2 | 0.16 | 29.5 ± 6.0 | 28.5 ± 6.3 | 0.12 |
| Maternal race: | < 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||
| White non-Hispanic | 169 (26.8) | 789 (36.5) | 57 (40.7) | 112 (22.9) | ||
| Black non-Hispanic | 192 (30.5) | 377 (17.4) | 34 (24.3) | 158 (32.2) | ||
| Asian | 22 (3.5) | 58 (2.7) | 5 (3.6) | 17 (3.5) | ||
| Hispanic | 152 (24.1) | 591 (27.3) | 29 (20.7) | 123 (25.1) | ||
| Other | 95 (15.1) | 347 (16.1) | 15 (10.7) | 80 (16.3) | ||
| Maternal BMI at delivery (kg/m 2 ) | 41.0 ± 5.5 | 39.5 ± 4.8 | < 0.001 | 41.2 ± 6.0 | 40.9 ± 5.3 | 0.54 |
| Class of obesity: | < 0.001 | 0.62 | ||||
| Class II (BMI = 35–39.9 kg/m 2 ) | 331 (52.5) | 1,464 (67.7) | 71 (50.7) | 260 (53.1) | ||
| Class III (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m 2 ) | 299 (47.5) | 698 (32.3) | 69 (49.3) | 230 (46.9) | ||
| Any maternal diabetes | 111 (17.6) | 109 (5.0) | < 0.001 | 27 (19.3) | 84 (17.1) | 0.56 |
| Any maternal hypertensive disorder | 151 (24.0) | 338 (15.6) | < 0.001 | 34 (24.3) | 117 (23.9) | 0.92 |
| Gestational age at delivery (wk) | 39.4 ± 1.2 | 39.7 ± 1.1 | < 0.001 | 39.7 ± 1.2 | 39.4 ± 1.2 | 0.01 |
| Induction of labor | 329 (52.2) | 750 (34.7) | < 0.001 | 76 (54.3) | 253 (51.6) | 0.58 |
| Birth weight (kg) | 3.470 ± 0.52 | 3.466 ± 0.46 | 0.88 | 4.002 ± 0.39 | 3.318 ± 0.45 | < 0.001 |
| Birth weight category: | 0.05 | < 0.001 | ||||
| SGA | 16 (2.5) | 44 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (3.3) | ||
| AGA | 529 (84.0) | 1897 (87.7) | 79 (56.4) | 450 (91.8) | ||
| LGA | 85 (13.5) | 221 (10.2) | 61 (43.6) | 24 (4.9) |
Abbreviations: AGA, appropriate gestational age; BMI, body mass index; LGA, large gestational age birth weight at delivery; SGA, small gestational age; US-EFW, ultrasonographic estimated fetal weight.
a
Defined as US-EFW ≥ 90th percentile for gestational age at the time of ultrasound.
b
Defined as US-EFW < 90th percentile for gestational age at the time of ultrasound.
c
Data presented are mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables, n (%) for categorical variables.