Table 2.

Association between Vitamin A, C, and E intake and adjusted probability of clinical assisted reproductive technology outcomes

	Vitamin A total intake (range, mcg/day)
Clinical outcomes	Q1 (<1419.6)	Q2 (1419.6–1874.1)	Q3 (1874.6–2285.7)	Q4 (>2285.7)	P for trend
Implantation	0.43 (0.33–0.54)	0.50 (0.40–0.59)	0.57 (0.47–0.67)	0.50 (0.40–0.61)	0.25
Clinical pregnancy	0.34 (0.25–0.44)	0.43 (0.34–0.52)	0.51 (0.41–0.60)	0.44 (0.35–0.55)	0.11
Live birth	0.25 (0.17–0.35)	0.38 (0.29–0.47)	0.36 (0.28–0.46)	0.31 (0.23–0.42)	0.38

	Vitamin A from foods (range, mcg/day)
Clinical outcomes	Q1 (<671.2)	Q2 (671.2–835.3)	Q3 (847.6–1067.6)	Q4 (>1067.6)	P for trend
Implantation	0.55 (0.45–0.65)	0.50 (0.41–0.59)	0.48 (0.39–0.58)	0.47 (0.38–0.57)	0.29
Clinical pregnancy	0.46 (0.37–0.56)	0.43 (0.34–0.52)	0.42 (0.33–0.51)	0.42 (0.33–0.52)	0.57
Live birth	0.34 (0.25–0.44)	0.34 (0.26–0.43)	0.32 (0.24–0.42)	0.31 (0.23–0.41)	0.66

	Vitamin A from supplements (range, mcg/day)
Clinical outcomes	Q1 (<598.5)	Q2 (598.5–900.0)	Q3 (900.0–1200.0)	Q4 (>1200.0)	P for trend
Implantation	0.54 (0.38–0.69)	0.51 (0.42–0.60)	0.46 (0.34–0.57)	0.50 (0.39–0.60)	0.74
Clinical pregnancy	0.44 (0.29–0.59)	0.46 (0.37–0.54)	0.40 (0.29–0.51)	0.43 (0.33–0.53)	0.94
Live birth	0.37 (0.24–0.53)	0.38 (0.30–0.47)	0.27 (0.19–0.38)	0.28 (0.19–0.37)	0.29

	Vitamin C total intake (range, mg/day)
Clinical outcomes	Q1 (<132.9)	Q2 (132.9–185.6)	Q3 (185.8–250.0)	Q4 (>250.0)	P for trend
Implantation	0.46 (0.35–0.56)	0.53 (0.43–0.62)	0.53 (0.44–0.62)	0.49 (0.39–0.59)	0.98
Clinical pregnancy	0.40 (0.30–0.50)	0.45 (0.36–0.54)	0.46 (0.37–0.55)	0.41 (0.32–0.51)	0.94
Live birth	0.30 (0.21–0.40)	0.35 (0.26–0.44)	0.34 (0.26–0.43)	0.32 (0.24–0.42)	0.99

	Vitamin C from foods (range, mg/day)
Clinical outcomes	Q1 (<66.7)	Q2 (66.7–88.5)	Q3 (89.3–125.2)	Q4 (>125.2)	P for trend
Implantation	0.50 (0.40–0.60)	0.52 (0.42–0.62)	0.48 (0.39–0.57)	0.52 (0.42–0.62)	0.86
Clinical pregnancy	0.40 (0.31–0.49)	0.46 (0.37–0.56)	0.41 (0.33–0.50)	0.46 (0.36–0.56)	0.52
Live birth	0.32 (0.24–0.41)	0.36 (0.28–0.46)	0.28 (0.21–0.37)	0.35 (0.26–0.45)	0.85

	Vitamin C from supplements (range, mg/day)
Clinical outcomes	Q1 (<60.0)	Q2 (60.0–68.6)	Q3 (68.6–120.0)	Q4 (>120.0)	P for trend
Implantation	0.47 (0.35–.059)	0.56 (0.46–0.66)	0.50 (0.41–0.60)	0.48 (0.38–0.58)	0.56
Clinical pregnancy	0.41 (0.30–0.53)	0.50 (0.41–0.60)	0.44 (0.35–0.53)	0.37 (0.28–0.47)	0.18
Live birth	0.27 (0.18–0.38)	0.39 (0.30–0.49)	0.36 (0.28–0.46)	0.28 (0.20–0.37)	0.39

	Vitamin E total intake (range, mg/day)
Clinical outcomes	Q1 (<15.9)	Q2 (15.9–20.4)	Q3 (20.4–24.6)	Q4 (>24.6)	P for trend
Implantation	0.51 (0.40–0.62)	0.53 (0.44–0.62)	0.48 (0.38–0.58)	0.48 (0.37–0.59)	0.65
Clinical pregnancy	0.49 (0.38–0.60)	0.45 (0.36–0.54)	0.38 (0.29–0.48)	0.39 (0.30–0.50)	0.24
Live birth	0.38 (0.27–0.50)	0.35 (0.27–0.44)	0.28 (0.20–0.37)	0.29 (0.21–0.39)	0.26

	Vitamin E from foods (range, mg/day)
Clinical outcomes	Q1 (<6.6)	Q2 (6.6–8.3)	Q3 (8.4–10.3)	Q4 (>10.3)	P for trend
Implantation	0.48 (0.39–0.58)	0.50 (0.41–0.60)	0.56 (0.46–0.65)	0.47 (0.37–0.57)	0.78
Clinical pregnancy	0.43 (0.34–0.52)	0.42 (0.34–0.52)	0.51 (0.41–0.60)	0.37 (0.29–0.47)	0.42
Live birth	0.33 (0.24–0.42)	0.31 (0.23–0.40)	0.40 (0.32–0.50)	0.27 (0.19–0.36)	0.39

	Vitamin E from supplements (range, mg/day)
Clinical outcomes	Q1 (<7.7)	Q2 (7.7–13.5)	Q3 (13.5–13.5)	Q4 (>13.5)	P for trend
Implantation	0.43 (0.30–0.58)	0.50 (0.40–0.59)	0.54 (0.43–0.64)	0.55 (0.43–0.66)	0.30
Clinical pregnancy	0.39 (0.26–0.54)	0.43 (0.34–0.52)	0.44 (0.34–0.55)	0.47 (0.36–0.59)	0.49
Live birth	0.28 (0.17–0.41)	0.31 (0.24–0.40)	0.33 (0.24–0.43)	0.40 (0.29–0.52)	0.29

Data presented are adjusted probability of clinical outcomes and 95% confidence interval.

All models were adjusted for the other two antioxidants, age, body mass index, smoking, folate, vitamin b12, total calorie intake, the Prudent and Western dietary pattern, and treatment protocol.