Table 3.

Association between retinol and individual carotenoids intake and adjusted probability of clinical assisted reproductive technology outcomes

	Retinol total intake (range, mcg/day)
Clinical outcomes	Q1 (<910.9)	Q2 (910.9–1253.1)	Q3 (1254.6–1656.3)	Q4 (>1656.3)	P for trend
Implantation	0.45 (0.34–0.55)	0.51 (0.41–0.60)	0.54 (0.44–0.64)	0.53 (0.42–0.63)	0.31
Clinical pregnancy	0.35 (0.26–0.45)	0.44 (0.35–0.54)	0.47 (0.37–0.57)	0.47 (0.38–0.58)	0.09
Live birth	0.25 (0.17–0.35)	0.37 (0.29–0.47)	0.34 (0.25–0.44)	0.37 (0.27–0.47)	0.14

	Alpha-Carotene total intake (range, mcg/day)
Clinical outcomes	Q1 (<302.7)	Q2 (302.7–536.6)	Q3 (539.7–963.5)	Q4 (>963.5)	P for trend
Implantation	0.48 (0.37–0.59)	0.45 (0.36–0.55)	0.54 (0.44–0.63)	0.54 (0.43–0.65)	0.30
Clinical pregnancy	0.43 (0.33–0.54)	0.38 (0.30–0.47)	0.44 (0.36–0.53)	0.48 (0.37–0.59)	0.32
Live birth	0.33 (0.24–0.43)	0.31 (0.23–0.40)	0.33 (0.25–0.42)	0.35 (0.25–0.46)	0.69

	Beta-Carotene total intake (range, mcg/day)
Clinical outcomes	Q1 (<4023.8)	Q2 (4023.8–5791.2)	Q3 (5816.5–8060.8)	Q4 (>8060.8)	P for trend
Implantation	0.57 (0.45–0.69)	0.53 (0.44–0.63)	0.43 (0.34–0.53)	0.47 (0.35–0.59)	0.36
Clinical pregnancy	0.46 (0.35–0.58)	0.46 (0.37–0.56)	0.36 (0.27–0.45)	0.44 (0.32–0.56)	0.89
Live birth	0.36 (0.25–0.48)	0.36 (0.27–0.45)	0.28 (0.20–0.37)	0.32 (0.21–0.44)	0.65

	Beta-Carotene from foods (range, mcg/day)
Clinical outcomes	Q1 (<3143.7)	Q2 (3143.7–4692.9)	Q3 (4695.6–6844.2)	Q4 (>6844.2)	P for trend
Implantation	0.62 (0.49–0.74)	0.59 (0.49–0.68)	0.42 (0.33–0.51)	0.39 (0.26–0.53)	0.05
Clinical pregnancy	0.57 (0.44–0.70)	0.47 (0.38–0.56)	0.35 (0.27–0.44)	0.36 (0.24–0.50)	0.17
Live birth	0.50 (0.36–0.64)	0.36b (0.27–0.45)	0.29 (0.22–0.38)	0.22 (0.13–0.35)	0.03

	Beta-Carotene from supplements (range, mcg/day)
Clinical outcomes	Q1 (<150.0)	Q2 (150.0–609)	Q3 (660.0–1800.0)	Q4 (>1800.0)	P for trend
Implantation	0.52 (0.42–0.61)	0.46 (0.36–0.57)	0.53 (0.43–0.63)	0.50 (0.38–0.61)	0.93
Clinical pregnancy	0.44 (0.35–0.54)	0.42 (0.32–0.53)	0.46 (0.36–0.56)	0.42 (0.31–0.53)	0.92
Live birth	0.32 (0.24–0.42)	0.32 (0.23–0.42)	0.39 (0.30–0.50)	0.29 (0.20–0.39)	0.87

	Beta-Cryptoxanthin total intake (range, mcg/day)
Clinical outcomes	Q1 (<52.2)	Q2 (52.2–78.2)	Q3 (79.0–135.2)	Q4 (>135.2)	P for trend
Implantation	0.48 (0.38–0.57)	0.56 (0.47–0.65)	0.49 (0.39–0.58)	0.48 (0.38–0.58)	0.67
Clinical pregnancy	0.38 (0.29–0.47)	0.50 (0.41–0.59)	0.42 (0.32–0.51)	0.43 (0.33–0.53)	0.87
Live birth	0.33 (0.25–0.42)	0.33 (0.25–0.42)	0.32 (0.24–0.42)	0.33 (0.24–0.43)	0.94

	Lycopene total intake (range, mcg/day)
Clinical outcomes	Q1 (<2782.8)	Q2 (2782.8–4021.9)	Q3 (4035.0–6031.9)	Q4 (>6031.9)	P for trend
Implantation	0.52 (0.42–0.61)	0.51 (0.41–0.60)	0.52 (0.42–0.61)	0.47 (0.38–0.57)	0.49
Clinical pregnancy	0.47 (0.38–0.56)	0.41 (0.33–0.51)	0.42 (0.33–0.51)	0.42 (0.33–0.52)	0.61
Live birth	0.34 (0.26–0.43)	0.31 (0.23–0.40)	0.30 (0.22–0.39)	0.36 (0.27–0.45)	0.61

	Lutein and Zeaxanthin total intake (range, mcg/day)
Clinical outcomes	Q1 (<2363.9)	Q2 (2363.9–3333.3)	Q3 (3369.0–4969.6)	Q4 (>4969.6)	P for trend
Implantation	0.56 (0.44–0.67)	0.56 (0.46–0.65)	0.44 (0.35–0.53)	0.46 (0.36–0.57)	0.34
Clinical pregnancy	0.51 (0.40–0.62)	0.45 (0.36–0.55)	0.40 (0.32–0.49)	0.38 (0.28–0.48)	0.16
Live birth	0.44 (0.33–0.56)	0.35 (0.26–0.44)	0.27 (0.20–0.36)	0.28 (0.19–0.38)	0.15

Data presented are adjusted probability of clinical outcomes and 95% confidence interval.

All models were adjusted for the other nutrients shown in the table, vitamin C, vitamin E, age, body mass index, smoking, folate, vitamin b12, total calorie intake, the Prudent and Western dietary pattern, and treatment protocol.