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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 8.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Cell. 2019 Feb 28;49(1):89–99.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.02.001

Figure 7. Model for the Microbial Colonization-Induced Immune Fight-and-Flight Response.

Figure 7.

Bloating of the intestinal lumen caused by microbial colonization activates a fight-and-flight response that results in the activation of innate immunity and a bacterial avoidance behavior. Bloating results in the up-regulation of genes encoding the neuropeptide receptor NPR-1, its ligands, and TGF-β/DAF-7, which may promote bacterial avoidance by eliciting avoidance to low oxygen.