Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with incarcerated groin hernia
| Variables | The pooled (N = 64) | Mesh group (N = 43) | Non-mesh group (N = 21) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (male), n (%) | 51 (79.7) | 36 (83.7) | 15 (71.4) | 0.324 |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 65.1 ± 17.1 | 62.5 ± 17.9 | 70.5 ± 14.1 | 0.078 |
| ≥ 65 years, n (%) | 37 (57.8) | 21 (48.8) | 16 (76.2) | 0.058 |
| Concomitant disease conditions, n (%) | 40 (62.5) | 23 (53.5) | 17 (81.0) | 0.053 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 12 (18.8) | 6 (14.0) | 6 (28.6) | 0.185 |
| Hypertension | 33 (51.6) | 18 (41.9) | 15 (71.4) | 0.035* |
| Heart diseases | 15 (23.4) | 9 (20.9) | 6 (28.6) | 0.540 |
| COPD | 14 (21.9) | 7 (16.3) | 7 (33.3) | 0.196 |
| Chronic nephropathy/renal failure | 2 (3.1) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (4.8) | 1.000 |
| Duration of hernia (years), M (95%CI) | 5.0 (5.4–12.0) | 5 (3.4–6.0) | 7 (2.3–10.0) | 0.891 |
| Duration of hernia incarceration (h), M (95%CI) | 24.0 (32.4–52.5) | 23 (13.0–48.0) | 25 (14.7–48.0) | 0.365 |
| Maximum diameter of hernia sac (cm), M (95%CI) | 7 (6.9–8.8) | 6 (5.8–8.0) | 8 (5.8–13.3) | 0.117 |
| Bowel necrosis, n (%) | 10 (15.6) | 1 (2.3) | 9 (42.9) | < 0.001* |
| Bowel perforation, n (%) | 2 (3.1) | 0 | 2 (9.5) | 0.104 |
| Preoperative intestinal obstruction, n (%) | 22 (34.4) | 9 (20.9) | 13 (61.9) | 0.002* |
| Abdominal wall hernia history, n (%) | 4 (6.2) | |||
| Abdominal surgery history, n (%) | 6 (9.4) | 4 (9.3) | 2 (9.5) | 1.000 |
| Classification of groin hernia, n (%) | 0.020* | |||
| Indirect hernia | 47 (73.4) | 34 (79.1) | 13 (61.9) | |
| Direct hernia | 5 (7.8) | 5 (11.6) | 0 | |
| Femoral hernia | 11 (17.2) | 4 (9.3) | 7 (33.3) | |
| Saddle-bag hernia | 1 (1.6) | 0 | 1 (4.8) | |
| Recurrent hernia, n (%) | 3 (4.7) | 3 (7.0) | 0 | 0.545 |
| Scrotal hernia, n (%) | 43 (84.3) | 30 (83.3) | 13 (86.7) | 1.000 |
| Gilbert–Rutkow type, n (%) | 0.039* | |||
| II | 5 (7.8) | 5 (11.6) | 0 | |
| III | 42 (65.6) | 29 (67.4) | 13 (61.9) | |
| VI | 4 (6.2) | 4 (9.3) | 0 | |
| V | 1 (1.6) | 1 (2.3) | 0 | |
| VI | 1 (1.6) | 0 | 1 (4.8) | |
| VII | 11 (17.2) | 4 (9.3) | 7 (33.3) | |
| Hernia location (right sided), n (%) | 40 (62.5) | 23 (53.5) | 17 (81.0) | 0.053 |
SD standard deviation, M median, CI confidence interval, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Scrotal hernia defined as hernia extending into the scrotum, Saddle-bag hernia defined as a combination of indirect and direct sacs on both sides of the inferior epigastric vessels, *Statistically significant