Figure 1.

Characterization of the gpa1-5gcr1-5 double mutant. (A) The mutants and WT were grown for 23 days and subjected to total RNA isolation and qRT-PCR to confirm the lack of expression of GPA1 or GCR1 in the single as well as double mutants. The data represent averages of three independent replicates ± SE. (B–E) Phenotypic characterization of the gpa1-5gcr1-5 mutants. The double mutant and the WT were grown for 5 days on agar plates for root length comparison and were subsequently transferred to pots and grown to complete their life cycle to evaluate other phenotypic parameters shown. Each experiment was performed twice independently and the data represent averages of 10 individual plants ± SE (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 according to unpaired t-test using GraphPad Prism). The photographic strip of the Ws2 control have been reproduced from our previous paper¹⁶ under creative commons attribution license for ready reference. Scale bar = 1.0 cm.