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. 2019 Apr 9;9:5817. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42290-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Training for opening the paper lid and tube-opening behaviour test. (A) Sample picture and schematic diagram of training for opening the paper lid. One side of the 50-mL tube was closed with a paper lid and the other with a plastic lid. (B) Sample picture and schematic diagram of the mouse waiting for release from the 50 mL tube. A 1-cm-diameter hole in front of the mouse and a paper lid at the back. (C) A sample image of the tube, containing the mouse, covered at the back with a paper lid. (D) Sample picture and schematic diagram of the tube-opening behaviour test in the new home cage. A tube containing the cagemate mouse on one side and an empty tube on the other side. (E) Sample picture during the test of tube-opening behaviour. The test mouse freely moves in the cage. (F) Tube-opening behaviour test for constrained cagemate: latency to paper lid-opening in each trial. All data are presented as box plots. The p values were calculated uisng one-way repeated measures ANOVA (F). n = 14 animals.