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. 2019 Apr 9;9:5825. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42368-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of royal jelly (RJ) on the enzymatic activity and expression of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and GSH-R in the kidney of CdCl₂-treated mice. Antioxidant activities are expressed as the mean ± SD of 7 mice, whereas mRNA expression are expressed as the mean ± SD of triplicate assays and were normalized to GAPDH and expressed as fold induction (log 2 scale) relative to mRNA level in the control group. SOD₂, superoxide dismutase 2; CAT, catalase; GSH-Px1, glutathione peroxidase 1; GSH-R, glutathione reductase; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. ^ap < 0.05 vs. the control mice; ^bp < 0.05 vs. the CdCl₂-treated mice analyzed using Tukey’s test.