Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants.
| Controls | Parkinson's patients | Statistics | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t | df | p-value | |||
| Gender (female / male) | 10/6 | 9/7 | |||
| Age (years) | 67.5 ± 7.3 | 66 ± 7.6 | 0.564 | 30 | 0.57 |
| Education (years) | 15.3 ± 3 | 14.6 ± 3.5 | 0.563 | 30 | 0.58 |
| Time since diagnosis (years) | – | 9.9 ± 4.9 | |||
| Time between testing sessions (days) | – | 12.9 ± 5.2 | |||
| Time overnight withdrawal (OFF; hours) | – | 14.7 ± 5.2 | |||
| LEU | – | 712 ± 322 | |||
| Hoehn-Yahr severity scorea | – | ||||
| OFF | – | 2.0 ± 0.7 | |||
| ON | – | 1.7 ± 0.7 | |||
| MMSE | 29.2 ± 0.9 | ||||
| OFF | – | 28.5 ± 1.1 | 1.860 | 30 | 0.07 |
| ON | – | 28.6 ± 1.7 | 1.301 | 30 | 0.20 |
| HADS-A (Anxiety subscale) | 5.1 ± 3.7 | ||||
| OFF | – | 6.6 ± 3 | − 1.274 | 30 | 0.21 |
| ON | – | 6.1 ± 3.1 | − 0.881 | 30 | 0.38 |
| HADS-D (Depression subscale) | 3.3 ± 2.6 | ||||
| OFF | – | 5.0 ± 3.7 | − 1.440 | 30 | 0.16 |
| ON | – | 4.6 ± 3.1 | − 1.202 | 30 | 0.24 |
| UPDRS subscale III (motor)b | – | ||||
| OFF | – | 36.9 ± 13.3 | |||
| ON | – | 22.5 ± 10.9 |
Abbreviations: LEU, L-dopa equivalent units; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson's Disase Rating Scale. Table shows mean±SD.
a
Hoehn-Yahr ON was significantly lower than Hoehn-Yahr OFF (t(15) = 2.61, p = 0.02).
b
UPDRS ON was significantly lower than UPDRS OFF (t(15) = 6.19, p < 0.001).