FIG 1.

Differences in fecal microbiota between southern white rhinoceros (SWR) and greater one-horned rhinoceros (GOHR). Shown is nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS [inset]) analysis displaying differences in microbiota observed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing based on Bray-Curtis distances (PERMANOVA, P < 0.001; stress, 0.13). Differences in mean relative abundance of bacterial taxa found to significantly contribute to variation between rhinoceros species (SIMPER, ≥2.0%; Welch’s t test, P < 0.05) are organized by color, with all members of a particular phylum sharing a similar color, with intensity decreasing from phylum to family to OTU level.