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. 2019 Apr 9;10(2):e00311-19. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00311-19

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Copyright © 2019 Williams et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

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FIG 2 — Comparison of fecal phytoestrogen compositions between southern white rhinoceros (SWR) and greater one-horned rhinoceros (GOHR). (A) Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis displaying overall composition of fecal phytoestrogens detected by mass spectrometry based on Bray-Curtis distances (PERMANOVA, P > 0.05; stress, 0.13). (B to D) Mean ± SE analyte concentrations in parts per billion (ppb) of (B) isoflavones, (C) lignans, and (D) coumestans for both SWR and GOHR and their diet. *, significantly different concentrations of fecal analytes (Welch’s t test, P < 0.05). FM, formononetin; DZ, daidzein; EQ, equol; GN, genistein; PEP, 4′-ethylphenol; ED, enterodiol; EL, enterolactone; MOC, methoxycoumestrol; CO, coumestrol.