FIG 1.

Effect of probiotic on prevention of C. tropicalis, E. coli, and S. marcescens polymicrobial biofilms (PMB). PMB were exposed to probiotic filtrate during the early biofilm phase and allowed to form biofilms. The effects were examined using CSLM and SEM. (A) CSLM micrograph of untreated PMB showing healthy biofilm composed of yeast and hyphal structures. (B) CSLM micrograph of probiotic-treated PMB showing no biofilm matrix and reduced fungal cells. (C) SEM micrograph of untreated PMB showing dense biofilm with yeast and hyphal structures, as well as bacterial aggregates (arrow). (D) SEM micrograph of probiotic-treated PMB showing absence of matrix, very few yeast cells, and no visible bacteria. CSLM magnification, ×100; SEM magnification, ×1,000.