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Extracellular vesicle-associated virus is resistant to antibody-mediated neutralization. Polyclonal antisera directed at JCPyV (AS) or preimmune sera (PI) were incubated with cesium chloride-purified JCPyV (CsCl JCPyV) or with extracellular vesicles purified from JCPyV-infected cells (JC(+) EV). Cells were then challenged, and infection was measured by IFA with antibodies against VP1. *, P ≤ 0.05.
