Figure 5.

UPR^mt Markers in Human Myocardium From AS Patients Undergoing Valve Replacement Surgery or Control Subjects

(A) mRNA levels of UPR^mt markers in myocardium from aortic stenosis (AS) patients undergoing valve replacement surgery compared with control myocardium. (B) Patients were divided into 2 subgroups based on the mRNA levels of UPR^mt markers relative to the upper limit of normality (2× the SD of control measurements for each respective target). mRNA levels of ClpP, mtDNAj, Atf5, Hsp60, and CHOP are shown. Data in A and B are expressed as median ± 95th percentile, n = 5 to 15/group; *p < 0.05. (C to J) Comparison of clinical and histological characteristics between AS patients with UPR^mt markers in the normal range (subgroup A) and those with elevated UPR^mt markers (subgroup B). Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) by echocardiography (C); maximal aortic transvalvular pressure gradient (D); serum levels of N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (E); serum levels of high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) (F); extent of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (G); TUNEL⁺-cardiomyocytes (H) and TUNEL⁺-noncardiomyocytes in myocardial sections (I); and myocardial collagen cross-linking (J). Data are mean ± SEM, n = 5 to 15/group. *p < 0.05. Abbreviations as in Figure 1.