FIG 6.

Cardiolipin-deficient cells produce fewer organelles that enable surface attachment and promote biofilm formation. (A and B) Using an antibody raised against FliC, we immunostained cells in the late-exponential phase of growth (A) and determined the percentage of cells with at least one visible flagellum (n, ≥100 cells) (B). DIC, differential interference contrast. ***, P < 0.001; Fisher’s exact test, compared with ΔclsABC. Scale bar is 3 μm. (C and D) Swarm (C) and swim (D) plates were inoculated as described in Materials and Methods and imaged after 24 h at 30°C. Average swimming diameters after 24 h and standard deviations are indicated for each strain. **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; n.s., not significant; Student’s t test compared with WT. Scale bar is 1 cm.