Effects of relA, spoT, ppx, and dksA mutations on polyP accumulation over time. E. coli strain MG1655 and isogenic ΔrelA782, ΔrelA782 spoT207::cat+ strains (A), Δppx-750, Δppx-750 ΔrelA782, and Δppx-750 ΔrelA782 spoT207::cat+ strains (B), and dksA761::kan+ and dksA761::kan+ ΔrelA782 spoT207::cat+ strains (C) were grown at 37°C to an A600 of 0.2 to 0.4 in rich medium (LB) and then shifted to minimal medium (MOPS with no amino acids, 4 g liter−1 glucose, and 0.1 mM K2HPO4) containing 0.1 mM uracil for the indicated times (n = 3 or 4; means ± SD are shown). polyP concentrations are in terms of individual phosphate monomers. The experiments shown in panels A, B, and C were done concurrently, and the data were divided into three panels to improve legibility.