Table 1.
Sample characteristics
| Variable | Variable specification | Total |
|---|---|---|
| Total, n | 31,447 | |
| Age, median (IQR) | 35.0 (22.0) | |
| Sex | Males | 49.2% |
| Females | 50.8% | |
| Age | 15–29 | 21.9% |
| 30–59 | 58.8% | |
| 60 or more | 19.3% | |
| Education | High school or higher | 58.1% |
| None or elementary | 41.9% | |
| Subjective economic background | Poor | 24.8% |
| Medium | 46.7% | |
| Rich | 28.5% | |
| Marital status | Unmarried | 16.4% |
| Married, cohabitating | 72.9% | |
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 10.6% | |
| Residence | Urban | 53.4% |
| Childhood hunger | Yes | 8.4% |
| Childhood health status | Poor/fair | 37.2% |
| Good | 40.2% | |
| Very good | 22.6% | |
| Chronic conditions | One or more | 35.1% |
| Instrumental activities of daily living | Yes | 23.7% |
| Social capital | Low | 41.5% |
| Neighbourhood trust | Scale | M = 6.0 (SD = 0.8) |
| Self-rated status | Unhealthy | 21.9% |
| Cognitive functioning | Scale | M = 18.8 (SD = 4.6) |
| Hypertensiona | Yes | 31.9% |
| Stroke | Yes | 1.0% |
| Heart problems | Yes | 1.9% |
| Diabetes | Yes | 2.7% |
| Depression symptoms | Scale | M = 5.9 (SD = 4.4) |
| Sleep disturbance | Scale | M = 2.2 (SD = 0.7) |
| Sleep related impairment | Scale | M = 1.9 (SD = 0.9) |
| Life satisfaction | Low | 14.6% |
| Out-patient visit in the past 4 weeks | Yes | 18.9% |
| Body mass indexa | Scale | M = 23.3 (SD = 4.6) |
| Tobacco use | Current | 32.9% |
| Physical activity | Inactive | 47.7% |
| Fruit and vegetable consumption | Infrequent | 38.2% |
| Soft drink consumption | One day or more in a week | 17.9% |
| Loneliness | Rarely or none of the time (< 1 day) | 81.0% |
| Some or a little of the time (1–2 days) | 8.0% | |
| Occasionally/moderate amount of time (3–4 days) | 7.3% | |
| All of the time (5–7 days) | 3.3% |
IQR, interquartile range; M, mean; SD, standard deviation
aIn the sample 18 years and above