Den Boer 1988.

Methods	Study design: Randomised controlled trial
Participants	Diagnosis: DSM‐III panic disorder without phobic avoidance or panic disorder with severe phobic avoidance behaviour Method of diagnosis: Not stated Age: for maprotiline, M = 35.0 (SD = 7.4); for fluvoxamine, M = 37.3 (SD = 10.6) Sex: for maprotiline, 4 males and 20 females; for fluvoxamine 5 males and 15 females Location: the Netherlands; setting: outpatients Co‐morbidities: patients with major affective disorders, schizophrenia, other psychotic disorder or significant medical problems were excluded Rescue medication: Not stated
Interventions	Participants were randomly assigned to either: (1) maprotiline arm ("24 patients were included in the maprotiline group") Duration: 6 weeks Treatment Protocol: flexible dosage; range = 50 ‐ 150 mg, M and SD not provided (2) fluvoxamine arm ("20 patients were included in the fluvoxamine group") Duration: 6 weeks Treatment Protocol: flexible dosage; range = 50 ‐ 150 mg, M and SD not provided
Outcomes	Time points for assessment: baseline and weekly Outcomes: 1. SCL‐90 2. State Anxiety Inventory (A‐STATE) 3. Self Rating Depression Scale (SDS) 4. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS) 5. Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) 6. panic attack inventory 7. side‐effects scale
Notes	Date of study: Not stated Funding source: Not stated Declarations of interest among the primary researchers: Not stated.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "they were randomly allocated". No further details.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Quote "double‐blind treatment". No further details.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Quote "double‐blind treatment". No further details.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	Number of patients randomised per group not reported (number of total randomised patients = 47); only number of patients evaluated per group was available, respectively 24 in maprotiline group and 20 in fluvoxamine.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Continuous outcome data are reported only in graphs.
Other bias	Unclear risk	Sponsorship bias cannot be ruled out.