Garvey 1989.

Methods	Study design: Randomised controlled trial
Participants	Diagnosis: DSM‐III panic disorder with agoraphobia Method of diagnosis: Not stated Age: M = 40.0 (SD = 12) Sex: 61% women Location: USA; setting unclear Co‐morbidities: patients with MDD, alcoholism during the previous six months, current or past mania or psychotic disorder, major medical problems were excluded Rescue medication: Not stated
Interventions	Participants were randomly assigned to either: (1) alprazolam arm Duration: 3 weeks Treatment Protocol: dosage gradually increased to a maximum of 6 mg (2) diazepam arm Duration: 3 weeks Treatment Protocol: dosage gradually increased to a maximum of 60 mg (3) placebo arm Duration: 3 weeks Total number of randomised patients = 30; number of patients per arm not provided.
Outcomes	The study is about urinary MHPG levels in relation to Panic Disorder treatment. Time points for assessment: before the beginning of treatment and after 3 weeks of treatment Outcomes: 1. MHPG urinary levels 2. Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA)
Notes	Date of study: Not stated Funding source: Not stated Declarations of interest among the primary researchers: Not stated.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "thirty consecutive patients meeting study criteria were randomly assigned"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Quote "double‐blind treatment". No further details.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Quote "double‐blind treatment". No further details.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information provided.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Study on urinary MHPG levels; HAMA mentioned in methods section, but no results reported.
Other bias	Unclear risk	Sponsorship bias cannot be ruled out.