Lepola 1990.

Methods	Study design: Randomised controlled trial
Participants	Diagnosis: DMS‐III panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Method of diagnosis: Not stated Age: M = 37.4, SD not provided Sex: not stated Location: Finland; setting: inpatients Co‐morbidities: patients with psychiatric co‐morbidities were excluded; medical co‐morbidities are not mentioned; six patients suspected cases of epilepsy Rescue medication: "the patients did not receive any other treatment during the trial period"
Interventions	Participants were randomly assigned to either: (1) alprazolam arm (n = 27) Duration: 9 weeks Treatment Protocol: flexible dosage, range = 1.5 ‐ 8 mg, M = 4.9, SD not provided (2) imipramine arm (n = 28) Duration: 9 weeks Treatment Protocol: flexible dosage, range = 30 ‐ 225 mg, M = 130, SD not provided
Outcomes	Time points for assessment: baseline, 3 weeks, 9 weeks Outcomes: 1. panic attack frequency 2. Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA) 3. Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) 4. seven‐point evaluation scale of the clinical state (not better specified)
Notes	Date of study: Not stated Funding source: Not stated Declarations of interest among the primary researchers: None (but authors' affiliations refer to pharmaceutical companies).
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "randomized".
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Quote: "double‐blind". No further details.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Quote: "double‐blind". No further details.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information provided about management of incomplete outcome data.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All relevant outcomes were reported.
Other bias	Unclear risk	Authors' affiliations refer to pharmaceutical companies.